Heaven and Earth

Japanese: あめつち
Heaven and Earth

A recitation of 48 characters in which all the kana are read without repeating the same kana. The full text is as follows:

Ame (heaven) Tsuchi (earth) Hoshi (star) Sora (sky) Yama (mountain) Kaha (river) Mine (peak) Tani (valley) Kumo (cloud) Kiri (fog) Muro (room) Koke (moss) Hito (person) Inu (dog) Ue (upper) Sue (end) Yuwa (sulfur) Saru (monkey) Ofu (grow) E (branch) of a (zelkova) Na (familiar) I (stay) The meaning is difficult to understand after "Ofusyo", and there is a theory that different kanji are used. The reason there are 48 characters is to distinguish between "e" in the A row and "e" in the Ya row, which shows that it was created in a time when the two were phonetically distinct. Therefore, it is older than the 47-character "Iroha Song" and is probably thought to have been created in the early Heian period. The author and the original purpose of its creation are unknown, but it is likely that it was created by somehow reorganizing the 50-syllable chart. Also, until the "Iroha Song" became popular, it was used for writing practice, along with the "Naniwazu no Uta."

[Kondo Yasuhiro]

"Thoughts on the Sound Chart and Song Practices" by Toru Oya (1918, Dainihon Tosho/Reprint edition, 1969, Benseisha) " "Thoughts on the History of Japanese Tones" by Hideo Komatsu (1971, Kazama Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

すべての仮名を、同じ仮名を繰り返さずに読み込んだ48字の誦文(しょうぶん)。全文は次のとおりである。

あめ(天) つち(地) ほし(星) そら(空) やま(山) かは(川) みね(峰) たに(谷) くも(雲) きり(霧) むろ(室) こけ(苔) ひと(人) いぬ(犬) うへ(上) すゑ(末) ゆわ(硫黄) さる(猿) おふ(生)せよ え(榎)の え(枝)を な(馴)れ ゐ(居)て
 「おふせよ」以降は意味がとりにくく、別の漢字をあてる説もある。48字あるのは、ア行の「エ」とヤ行の「エ」を区別しているためであり、その点から、その二つが音韻として区別されていた時代につくられたものであることがわかる。したがって47字の「いろは歌」より古いものであり、おそらく平安時代初期に作成されたものと考えられる。作者、当初の作成目的などは不明であるが、なんらかの形で五十音図を改編してつくられたものであろう。また「いろは歌」が一般化するまでは「難波津(なにわづ)の歌」と並んで手習い用に使われていた。

[近藤泰弘]

『大矢透著『音図及手習詞歌考』(1918・大日本図書/復刻版・1969・勉誠社)』『小松英雄著『日本声調史論考』(1971・風間書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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