Born September 25, 1866 in Lexington, Kentucky [Died] December 4, 1945. Pasadena, Los Angeles. American geneticist and embryologist. Graduated from the University of Kentucky (1886). After receiving his doctorate from Johns Hopkins University in 1890, he became a professor at Bryn Mawr College, where he was influenced by his colleague J. Robe. He studied the effects of salt concentration in culture medium on development. He became a professor of zoology at Columbia University (1904). He was sympathetic to H. de Vries's mutation theory, and in 1908 he began raising Drosophila melanogaster with the intention of discovering mutations in animals. Until that time, he had been critical of G. Mendel's genetic theory, and had also argued against the theory of T. Boveri and others that chromosomes are the determining factor of traits. The following year, he obtained eye color mutants, and while conducting crossbreeding experiments using these, he not only came to fully accept Mendel's theory, but also agreed with the theory of chromosomal determination of traits, and linked the two to establish the chromosomal theory of inheritance. This theory, which states that chromosomes are nothing more than linear arrangements of Mendel's genetic elements, linked cytology and genetics, which had previously developed independently, and opened up a new field of research known as cytogenetics. In 1928, he founded the Department of Biology at the California Institute of Technology, which led him to abandon genetic research and focus on developmental biology. With regard to biological research methods, he advocated that experimental methods should be used in place of the traditional descriptive methods, and he continued to intend to integrate the various branches of biology. For establishing the chromosome theory of inheritance, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933. Morgan Morgan, Lewis Henry Born: November 21, 1818, Aurora, New York [Died] December 17, 1881. Rochester, New York. American lawyer and ethnologist. Graduated from Union College, he worked as a lawyer in Rochester, New York from around 1844. He made an effort to resolve the land issues of oppressed American Indians, and was "adopted" by the Seneca tribe in 1846. After that, he conducted field surveys of the Indian nations of the Great Plains and studied the clan structures of the Iroquois. He presented his evolutionary views on the relationship between kinship structures, family, and marriage forms, and became known as an authority on evolutionary anthropology alongside E. Tylor of England. His views were based on the idea that "humanity is one in origin, one in experience, and one in progress." He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and in 1880 he became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. As a politician, he served as a state representative from 1861 to 1868, and as a state senator from 1868 to 1869. His main work was Ancient Society (1877). Morgan Morgan, John Born June 10, 1735 in Philadelphia Died October 15, 1789. Philadelphia. American physician. Graduated from Philadelphia College (now the University of Pennsylvania) in 1757, served as a surgeon in the British colonial army during the French and Indian War. After being discharged, he resumed his studies and studied in Edinburgh, Paris, and Italy. During this time, he obtained his doctorate from the University of Edinburgh in 1763. Returning to the United States in 1765, he established the first medical school at Philadelphia College, where he was appointed the first professor of medicine in North America. At that time, he attempted to separate surgery and medicine, to divide the work of medicine and medicine, and to provide a more liberal education for medical students, but the timing was not right and he was unable to achieve any results. He was also one of the physicians who introduced E. Jenner's vaccination method to America. His main work is A Recommendation of Inoculation (1776). Morgan Morgan, Daniel Born: 1736. Hunterdon, New Jersey Died: July 6, 1802, Winchester, Virginia. A soldier during the American Revolutionary period. In 1775, he became a captain in the Virginia Rifles and participated in the Canadian expedition following B. Arnold. At the end of 1776, he was captured by the British during the attack on Quebec, but escaped. In 1777, he participated in the Battle of Saratoga under General H. Gates. He was discharged in 1779, but rejoined General Gates' troops in 1880 and was promoted to brigadier general. On January 17, 1881, he defeated the British forces led by General B. Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens, and escaped to South Carolina after escaping from pursuit by C. Cornwallis. After the war, in November 1794, he participated in the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1797 to 1799. Morgan Morgan, Charles Born 22 January 1894 in Bromley, Kent [Died] February 6, 1958, London. British novelist, critic and playwright. President of the International PEN Club (1953-58). Studied at Oxford University. Joined the navy and served in World War I. Published novels based on his experiences, such as The Fountain (32), Sparkenbrooke (36) and The Voyage (40). His collection of essays includes Liberties of the Mind (51). He also wrote plays, such as The Flashing Stream (1938), and was in charge of the drama column of The Times (26-39). Morgan Morgan, Conwy Lloyd Born: 6 February 1852, London [Died] March 6, 1936, Hastings, Sussex British zoologist and comparative psychologist. Professor at the University of Bristol. He argued that anecdotal methods based on anthropomorphism should be rejected in the study of animal behavior, and proposed Morgan's postulates. His main works include Introduction to Comparative Psychology (1894), Animal Behavior (1900), Emergent Evolution (23), and The Animal Mind (30). Morgan Morgan, Maurice Born: 1726, London [Died] March 28, 1802. London. British diplomat and writer. An authority on the American colonial issues, he served as secretary to the ambassador at the Peace Conference of the War of Independence in 1782. His Essay on the Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff (1777) is an important defense of Falstaff and occupies an important position in the history of Shakespeare criticism. Morgan Morgan, John Hunt Born June 1, 1825 in Huntsville, Alabama. Died September 4, 1864, Greenville, Tennessee. American soldier. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he became a cavalry commander in the Confederate Army, invaded the rear of the Union Army, and fought guerrilla warfare in Indiana and Ohio. In July 1863, he was captured by the Union Army, but escaped. In 1864, he invaded the North again, and later died in battle with Union troops in Tennessee. Morgan Morgan, William G. Born January 23, 1870 in Lockport, New York. [Died] December 27, 1942. Lockport, New York. Inventor of volleyball. In 1895, while working as a physical education instructor at the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, he invented volleyball, inspired by tennis and handball, as an indoor sport that could be easily enjoyed by people of all ages and genders. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |