An evergreen shrub of the Rutaceae family (APG classification: Rutaceae). It branches out from the base and grows to a height of about 1 meter. The leaves are alternate, oblong, about 10 cm long, entire, pointed at the tip, leathery and shiny. There are many small oily spots in the leaf flesh. Dioecious. In spring, panicles are formed at the ends of the branches, and small, fragrant white flowers bloom. Both male and female flowers have four sepals and four petals. Male flowers have four stamens, and female flowers have one pistil. The berries are spherical, about 8 mm in diameter, and ripen to a bright red color. It grows under mountain forests, and is distributed from the Kanto region west of Honshu to Kyushu. Its name comes from the fact that it looks like Illicium and grows deep in the mountains, but it is not a member of the Illicium genus of the Schisandraceae family. The variety whose leaf surface is indented along the veins is called Uchida Shiyamashikimi. The variety, Tsurusikimi, has a creeping stem at the bottom and is about 50cm tall. It is found in Honshu, Hokkaido, and Karafuto (Sakhalin) from the Chubu region northwards. Another variety, Ryukyu Miyamashikimi, is found in Okinawa. The leaves of both species contain the toxic alkaloids skimmianine and dictamnine. [Kyoshio Furusawa October 16, 2020] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ミカン科(APG分類:ミカン科)の常緑低木。基部より多く分枝し、高さ約1メートルになる。葉は互生し、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ約10センチメートル、全縁で先はとがり、革質で表面に光沢がある。葉肉内に多数の小油点がある。雌雄異株。春、枝先に円錐(えんすい)花序をつくり、香気のある小さな白色花を開く。雌花、雄花ともに、萼片(がくへん)、花弁各4枚。雄花は雄しべ4本、雌花は雌しべ1本。液果は球形で径約8ミリメートル、鮮紅色に熟す。山地の林下に生え、関東地方以西の本州から九州に分布する。名は、外観がシキミに似ており、深山に生えることによるが、マツブサ科のシキミ属Illiciumではない。 葉の表面が脈に沿ってへこむ品種をウチダシミヤマシキミという。変種ツルシキミは、茎の下部は地をはい、高さ約50センチメートル。中部地方以北の本州、北海道、および樺太(からふと)(サハリン)に分布する。沖縄には別の変種リュウキュウミヤマシキミがある。いずれも、葉に有毒のアルカロイドであるスキミヤニンやジクタムニンを含む。 [古澤潔夫 2020年10月16日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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