Testicular tumor

Japanese: 睾丸腫瘍 - こうがんしゅよう
Testicular tumor

A tumor that occurs in the testicles, also known as a testicular tumor. 95% of tumors are malignant, accounting for about 1% of all malignant tumors in men, and most commonly occurs in people aged 20 to 40. Histologically, they are divided into seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, etc.

Embryonal carcinoma is malignant and may contain a variety of components, and the prognosis is particularly poor when it is accompanied by choriocarcinoma. Teratocarcinoma is a relatively soft tumor with an irregular cut surface that contains a mixture of bleeding and necrotic foci, and has a complex structure that is a mixture of bone and hair-like tissue. It also forms cysts in places.

In general, metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lungs is likely to occur, so early detection and treatment are necessary. In some cases, high levels of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are found in the blood, tissue, and sometimes urine. HCG and AFP are tumor markers (substances that indicate the possibility of cancer), and the trends in their measurement values ​​can be used as references for diagnosing and treating metastatic lesions. Palpation should be kept to a minimum as it promotes metastasis. Diagnosis is important using ultrasound echo, Doppler, CT scan, chest tomography, and other X-rays, as well as abdominal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). As a treatment, the testicles are first removed by surgery, but the principle is to first make an incision in the groin and ligate the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels going to the testicles (tying off the blood vessels to stop blood circulation), and then remove the tumor from the scrotum. This is because treating the scrotum first may cause cancer cells to metastasize throughout the body. In cases that include elements of choriocarcinoma as well as embryonal carcinoma, multidrug (combined) chemotherapy using methotrexate, actinomycin D, vinblastine, cisplatin, etoposide, etc. is effective as a preventative treatment, but in cases where metastasis has already been observed, lymph node dissection surgery to completely remove the lymph nodes is also necessary. In seminoma, radiation is administered to prevent recurrence.

Benign testicular tumors are rare and arise from interstitial cells, such as Sertoli cell tumors and Leydig cell tumors, and are associated with endocrine dysfunction.

[Hiroshi Tazaki]

[Reference] | Testicle | Tumor | Seminoma

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

睾丸に発生する腫瘍で、精巣腫瘍ともいう。95%が悪性腫瘍で、男性の悪性腫瘍全体の約1%を占め、20~40歳にもっとも多く発生する。組織学的に、精上皮腫(セミノーマ)、胎児性癌(がん)、奇形癌、絨毛(じゅうもう)癌などに分けられる。

 胎児性癌は悪性で多種の成分を含んでいることがあり、とくに絨毛癌を合併する場合は予後不良である。奇形癌は割面が出血と壊死(えし)巣を混じえた不規則な比較的柔らかい腫瘍で、骨や髪の毛に似た組織が混じり合った複雑な構造をしている。また、ところどころに嚢胞(のうほう)をつくる。

 一般に後腹膜のリンパ節への転移をはじめ、肺転移などがおこりやすいため、早期に発見し治療を行わなければならない。なかには、絨毛性ゴナドトロピン(HCG、hCG)やアルファフェトプロテイン(AFP)などが血液、組織、ときに尿中に高値に認められる例があり、HCGやAFPなどは腫瘍マーカー(癌の存在の可能性を示す物質)として転移巣の診断や治療にその測定値の推移が参考になる。触診は転移を促進するので必要最低限にとどめる。超音波エコーやドップラー、CTスキャン、胸部断層撮影などのX線撮影、腹部のMRI(核磁気共鳴診断装置)による診断が重要である。治療としては、まず手術で睾丸を摘出するが、鼠径部(そけいぶ)を切開して睾丸に行く血管・リンパ管などをまず結紮(けっさつ)(血管を縛って血液の循環を止めること)してから陰嚢(いんのう)内の腫瘍を取り出すのが原則である。最初に陰嚢部を処置すると癌細胞を全身に転移させてしまう可能性があるためである。胎児性癌のほか絨毛癌の要素を含む症例では、予防的に、メソトレキセート、アクチノマイシンD、ビンブラスチン、シスプラチン、エトポサイドなどの多剤(複合)化学療法が有効であるが、すでに転移を認める例ではリンパ節をきれいに切除するリンパ節廓清(かくせい)手術も必要である。精上皮腫では再発予防に放射線照射が行われる。

 良性の睾丸腫瘍はまれで、セルトリ細胞腫、ライディッヒ細胞腫など間質の細胞から発生し、内分泌機能の異常がみられる。

[田崎 寛]

[参照項目] | 睾丸 | 腫瘍 | 精上皮腫

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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