Jacquard - Joseph Marie Jacquard

Inventor of the Jacquard loom. Born in Lyon, France. While working in a factory, he worked on making a loom, which he exhibited at the Paris Industrial Exhibition in 1801. He continued to make improvements, and in 1804 he completed the prototype of the machine that today bears his name, the Jacquard loom. The principle was revolutionary, as it involved punching holes in cardboard to store patterns, and it is also notable for being the origin of the later punch card system. The arrival of this loom was opposed by weavers who feared it would take away their jobs, but its performance was recognized and it gradually became popular. In 1806 it was designated as community property by the French government, and he was paid a pension and royalties. There is a bronze statue of him in Lyon.

[Akira Shinohara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

紋織織機の発明者。フランスのリヨンに生まれる。工場で働きながら紋織機の製作に取り組み、1801年パリの産業博覧会に出品、その後も改良を重ねて、1804年には今日彼の名を冠してジャカード織機とよばれている機械の原形を完成した。原理は厚紙に孔(あな)をあけ模様を記憶させる画期的なもので、のちのパンチカードシステムの発端となった点でも注目される。この織機の出現によって仕事を奪われることを恐れた織工の反対にあうが、性能が認められてしだいに普及した。1806年フランス政府によって共同財産に指定され、年金と特許料が支給された。リヨンに銅像がある。

［篠原　昭］

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