Coimbra is the central city of the Beira Litoral region in central-west Portugal. It is located in the middle reaches of the Mondego River. It has a population of 109,700 (2001 estimate). The University of Coimbra occupies the center of the city. There are many historical buildings such as the old university library and churches, and it is compared to Athens and Florence as a literary city. The area around the Santa Cruz Monastery (established in the 12th century) in the northwest of the city is full of old-town atmosphere, in contrast to the old town where university researchers stroll around. In recent years, the industrial area has expanded from east to west along the Mondego River, and in addition to the traditional publishing industry, there has been remarkable development in industries such as textiles, ceramics, and food (beer and pasta). [Yutaka Tanabe and Kyohei Shibata] historyDuring the Roman period, Coimbra was merely a settlement around Conimbriga, which flourished as a relay point on the road between present-day Lisbon and Braga. However, after Conimbriga was destroyed by the invasion of the Suebi in the 5th century, the surrounding settlement Aeminium came to be called Coimbra. It came under Islamic control in 716, and was restored to Christianity in 1064. It then became the base of the Portuguese Reconquista, and prospered as the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal for about a century after Portugal's independence (1143). The University of Coimbra, founded in 1290, was originally located in Lisbon, but was finally established in Coimbra in 1537. It maintained its privileged position as the kingdom's only university city until 1911, when new universities were founded in Lisbon and Porto. [Kinshichi Norio] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ポルトガル中西部、ベイラ・リトラル地方の中心都市。モンデーゴ川中流部に位置する。人口10万9700(2001推計)。街の中心をコインブラ大学が占める。旧大学図書館や教会などの歴史的建造物が多く、文芸の都としてアテネやフィレンツェにも比べられる。市街北西部のサンタクルス修道院(12世紀創建)付近は下町情緒にあふれ、大学の研究者が闊歩(かっぽ)する旧市街とは対照をなす。近年、モンデーゴ川に沿って東西に産業地域が拡大し、在来の出版業のほかに、繊維、製陶、食品(ビール、パスタ)など、工業の発達が著しい。 [田辺 裕・柴田匡平] 歴史ローマ時代のコインブラは、現在のリスボンとブラガを結ぶ街道の中継点として栄えていたコニンブリガConimbrigaの一周辺集落にすぎなかった。しかし、5世紀スエビ人の侵略でコニンブリガが滅びると、この周辺集落アエミニウムAeminiumがコインブラとよばれるようになった。716年イスラムの支配下に入り、1064年キリスト教徒に回復された。以後ポルトガルのレコンキスタ(国土回復戦争)の本拠地となり、ポルトガルの独立(1143)から約1世紀間はポルトガル王国の首都として繁栄した。1290年に創設されたコインブラ大学は最初リスボンにあったが、1537年最終的にコインブラに定着した。1911年にリスボンとポルトに新たに大学が創設されるまでは、王国唯一の大学都市としてその特権的地位を保持した。 [金七紀男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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