Charon (English spelling)

Japanese: カロン(英語表記)Charon
Charon (English spelling)
The largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto. It was discovered in 1978 by James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, using a telescope. Its radius is 625 km, which is more than half the size of Pluto. Its mass is a little over one-tenth of Pluto's. Because of Charon's larger radius and mass compared to Pluto, many scientists consider the system to be a binary star system. The moon is named after Charon, a Greek mythological figure. Charon orbits Pluto in a circular orbit with a radius of 19,640 km every 6.3873 days. Due to the gravitational interaction between the two bodies, Charon's orbital period is synchronized with Pluto's rotation period, so Charon always faces a fixed hemisphere of Pluto. Furthermore, Charon, like the other moons, has the same rotation period as its orbital period, so that the same hemisphere faces Pluto. No artificial object has ever flown to Pluto or Charon, and all data on the system comes from observations made near Earth. Analysis of reflected light from Charon has shown that its surface is primarily covered with water ice, which is quite different from the frozen methane found on Pluto. Charon's relatively low reflectivity (average albedo 0.35) also indicates the presence of dark material such as cometary dust. Since the 1990s, Pluto and Charon have been considered to be part of the Kuiper Belt, a ring of icy comet-like objects located beyond Neptune. Charon was Pluto's only moon, but in 2005, observations with the Hubble Space Telescope discovered two smaller moons beyond Charon.

Charon
Caron, François

[Born] 1600. Brussels
[Died] April 5, 1673. Off the coast of Lisbon. Head of the Dutch factory in Hirado in the early Edo period. Arrived in Hirado on a ship of the East India Company in 1619, and worked at the Dutch factory (26-39). He was well versed in the Japanese language and Japanese affairs. He became head of the factory (39-41), replacing M. Le Maire. During that time, he served as an interpreter for P. Neutz, an envoy from the Governor of Batavia (27). He always tried to defend Dutch trade. In 1641, he traveled to Batavia with his Japanese wife and children, and then returned to his home country. He was again posted to Batavia as a counselor in India (43). He remarried Constantia in The Hague (44), and served as the Governor of Taiwan (44-46) and the Inspector General of Trade in Batavia (47-50) before returning to Japan. He served as the Chief Director of the French East India Company and sailed to the East three times, but was distressed at sea and drowned on the way back. One of his books is "The Great Kingdom of Japan" (Beschrijvinghe van het machtigh Coninch-rijeke Japan), which answers questions from the Governor of Batavia.

Charon
Charon

In Greek mythology, the ferryman of the river Acheron, the river of the underworld. An ugly old man dressed in rags, he was believed to collect one obolis from the dead and let them board his boat, but he also made the dead row. It was said that those who did not have one obolis put in their mouths at the time of burial could not board Charon's boat.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
準惑星である冥王星にある最大の衛星。 1978年にアリゾナ州フラグスタッフにあるアメリカ海軍天文台のジェームズ・W.クリスティとロバート・S.ハリントンが望遠鏡で発見した。半径は 625kmあり,冥王星の半分よりも大きい。質量は冥王星の 10分の1を少しこえる。冥王星と比べてカロンの半径と質量が大きいので,科学者のなかにはこのシステムを連星と考える人も多い。この衛星の名前は,ギリシア神話のカロンからとられている。カロンは冥王星のまわりの半径1万 9640kmの円軌道を 6.3873日で運動している。2天体の間の重力相互作用により,カロンの軌道周期は冥王星の自転周期に同期しているので,カロンは常に冥王星の決まった半球に面している。さらに,カロンは,他の衛星と同様に自転周期が軌道周期と同じであるため,みずからの同じ半球面を冥王星に向けている。人工天体はこれまでに冥王星とカロンまで飛行したことがなく,このシステムに関するすべてのデータは地球近傍からなされた観測によっている。カロンからの反射光の解析により,その表面は主として水の氷に覆われており,冥王星にみられる凍結したメタンとはきわだって異なっている。また,カロンの相対的に低い反射率 (平均的アルベドが 0.35) は,彗星のちりのような暗い物質の存在を示している。 1990年代から,冥王星とカロンは,海王星をこえたところにある氷の彗星状天体がリング構造をなしているカイパーベルトの一員であると考えられるようになってきた。カロンは冥王星の唯一の衛星であったが,2005年ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡を使った観測により,カロンより遠いところに小さな二つの衛星が発見された。

カロン
Caron, François

[生]1600. ブリュッセル
[没]1673.4.5. リスボン港沖
江戸時代初期の平戸オランダ商館長。元和5 (1619) 年東インド会社船で平戸に来着,オランダ商館に勤務 (26~39) 。日本語,日本事情に精通した。商館長となり (39~41) ,M.ル・メールと交代。その間,バタビア総督の使節 P.ノイツの通訳として江戸におもむく (27) 。常にオランダ貿易の擁護に努めた。寛永 18 (41) 年,日本人の妻と所生の子女を伴いバタビアにおもむき,次いで本国に帰った。インド顧問官として再びバタビアに赴任 (43) 。ハーグでコンスタンチャと再婚 (44) ,以後台湾長官 (44~46) ,バタビア商務総監 (47~50) を歴任して帰国。フランス東インド会社首席理事として3度東洋におもむいたが,帰国の途中海難にあい溺死。著書にバタビア総督の質問に答えた『日本大王国志』 Beschrijvinghe van het machtigh Coninch-rijeke Japanがある。

カロン
Charon

ギリシア神話における冥府の川アケロンの渡し守。醜い老人で,ぼろを身にまとい,死者たちから1オボロスの渡し賃を取立て,舟に乗せるが,漕ぐ役も死者たちにさせると信じられた。埋葬のとき口に1オボロスを入れてもらわなかった死者は,カロンの舟に乗せてもらうことができないとされた。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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