Ketosis

Japanese: ケトージス（英語表記）ketosis

This is a state in which ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyric acid, acetone) accumulate in the body. Basically, carbohydrate utilization is poor, fat breakdown is promoted relatively, acetyl CoA increases, and ketone body production in the liver becomes excessive. Normally, ketone bodies are transported to tissues other than the liver and used as an energy source, but because they are acidic, if they are present in large quantities, they cause acidosis and are also excreted in the urine (ketonuria). Ketosis is caused by diabetes, starvation (vomiting, loss of appetite), glycogen storage disease (Gierke's disease), etc., but diabetes accompanied by insulin deficiency in particular typically causes reduced utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, leading to dehydration due to osmotic diuresis and serum electrolyte abnormalities (such as decreased sodium and _CO2 ) due to excretion of cations by ketone bodies.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ケトン体(アセト酢酸，β‐オキシ酪酸，アセトン)が体内に蓄積された状態をいう。基本的には糖質利用が悪く，相対的に脂肪分解が促進されてアセチルCoAが増加し，肝臓におけるケトン体産生が過剰となる。ふつうケトン体は肝臓以外の組織に運ばれてエネルギー源として利用されるが，酸性であるため大量に存在するとアシドーシスを生じ，尿中へも排出される(ケトン尿症)。ケトージスは糖尿病，飢餓(嘔吐，食欲不振)，糖原病(ギールケ病)などで招来されるが，とくにインシュリン欠乏を伴う糖尿病では典型的に糖質，脂肪，タンパク質の利用低下があり，浸透圧利尿による脱水，ケトン体による陽イオン排出のための血清電解質異常(ナトリウム低下やCO₂の減少など)を生じる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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