munera

Japanese: munera
munera

…The nominated person (in effect a propertied citizen) generally went in person and performed his duties at his own expense. The Latin equivalent was munera, and in Roman provincial cities, the canons curiales were treated as honorary posts (in Greek archai) and were distinguished from the munera, but as the aversion to canonization grew, this distinction lost practical meaning. In Egypt, liturgy meant compulsory obligations to the state, and was not widely practiced in the early Hellenistic and Roman periods, but after the second half of the 1st century AD it gradually became more common, eventually including all positions and services below the prefect (stratēgos) and village clerk (basilikos grammateus), with detailed conditions for each, and appointments made from among the range of candidates. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "munera" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…指名された該当者(事実上,有資産市民)は原則として,みずから赴き,みずからの経費負担で義務を遂行した。ラテン語での対応語がムネラmuneraであり,ローマ帝国治下の属州都市では,参事会員curialesは名誉職honores(ギリシア語ではarchai)として別扱いされ,ムネラとは区別されたが,参事会員の就任忌避が強まるなかで,この区別は実質的意味を失った。 エジプトでは,ライトゥルギーは対国家強制義務を意味し,ヘレニズム・ローマ初期にはあまり実施されなかったが,紀元後1世紀後半以後しだいに一般的に適用され,ついには県知事stratēgos,村落書記basilikos grammateusより下のすべての役職,奉仕がそれに含まれるに至り,それぞれに詳細な条件が定められて,該当者の範囲の中から任命が行われた。…

※「munera」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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