Barbaro, D. (English spelling) BarbaroD

Japanese: Barbaro,D.(英語表記)BarbaroD
Barbaro, D. (English spelling) BarbaroD


[History of the camera]
As mentioned above, the camera obscura has been around for quite some time, and its principles are said to have been known by Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) and R. Bacon, and Leonardo da Vinci also left an accurate description of it. The Italian G.B. della Porta introduced the camera obscura to the general public in his book Magica Naturale in 1589, but prior to this G. Cardano and Daniel Barbaro (1528-70) had already described a method of obtaining a bright image using a biconvex lens, and Barbaro also proposed the use of an aperture as a way to obtain a clear image in his book of 1568. At the time, camera obscura was used mainly for tracing when painting pictures, and attempts were made to miniaturize it, but it was the German monk Johann Zahn (1641-1707) who succeeded in making it practical and portable. Looking at his book from 1685, we are surprised to learn that his camera obscura had a mirror that could be rotated diagonally in the optical path, and that it was a single-lens reflex system that focused the image on a horizontal focusing glass.

From Palladio

Palladio's work was a masterpiece of the Renaissance, and he was known as the Villa Barbaro (Treviso, 1557-present). Most of his works (many of which were unfinished) were included and illustrated in the Four Books and were used as models for later Palladianism, but the Villa Almerico (commonly known as the Rotonda after 1567) on the outskirts of Vicenza, with its square plan, central domed rotunda and identical Greek temple-style porches on all four sides, was imitated repeatedly up until modern times as the pinnacle of classical beauty.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Barbaro, D." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【カメラの歴史】
 すでに述べたようにカメラ・オブスキュラはかなり古くからあり,その原理についてもイブン・アルハイサム(アルハーゼン),R.ベーコンらは知っていたといわれ,レオナルド・ダ・ビンチもカメラ・オブスキュラの正確な記述を残している。イタリアのG.B.dellaポルタは,1589年の《自然魔術》という著書の中でカメラ・オブスキュラを一般に広く紹介したが,すでにこれより以前にG.カルダーノやバルバロDaniel Barbaro(1528‐70)が両凸レンズを用いて明るい映像を得る方法を述べており,またバルバロは68年の著書の中で鮮明な映像を得る方法として絞りの採用も提案している。当時,カメラ・オブスキュラはもっぱら絵をかくときのトレース用として利用され,その小型化も図られたが,実用的なポータブル化に成功したのはドイツの僧ツァーンJohann Zahn(1641‐1707)であり,1685年の彼の著書を見ると,彼のカメラ・オブスキュラには光路に斜めに反転可能な鏡があって,水平なピントグラス上に映像を結ぶ一眼レフ方式になっていることに驚かされる。…

【パラディオ】より

…ビチェンツァの中心にある公共建築パラッツォ・デラ・ラジョーネ(通称〈バシリカ〉)の古典的意匠への改装(1549以後)で一躍名声を得,以後ビチェンツァを中心とするベネト地方の多くの貴族・文化人たちとの交流を通じ,すぐれた作品を残した。ベネチアの人文主義者バルバロDaniele Barbaro(1514‐70)との交友は有名で,共同してウィトルウィウス注釈書の作成にあたり(《バルバロ版ウィトルウィウス》1556,パラディオが図版の多くを担当),またルネサンス期のビラ中の傑作とされるビラ・バルバロ(トレビゾTreviso地方,1557以後)を残している。作品の大半(未完のものも多い)は《四書》に収録図示されて,のちのパラディオ主義の手本とされたが,なかでもビチェンツァ郊外のビラ・アルメリコ(通称〈ロトンダRotonda〉1567以後)は,正方形平面の中央にドームをのせた円形広間を配し,四面には同形のギリシア神殿風玄関を取り付けるという姿で,古典的形式美の極致として,近代に至るまで繰り返し模倣された。…

※「Barbaro,D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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