Oxford (English spelling)

Japanese: オックスフォード（英語表記）Oxford

The capital of Oxfordshire County in the south-central part of England. It is part of the Oxford district. It is located on the Thames River about 85 km west-northwest of London, near the river Cherwell. The early inhabitants lived in the dry hilly areas, but in the Anglo-Saxon period, people began to live in the lowlands along the river, and eventually a fortress was built to protect the northern border of the Kingdom of Wessex against attacks by the Danes. It first appeared in records in 912, and was recorded as the territory of Edward, King of Wessex. In the Norman period, castles, bridges, and town walls were built, and it developed as a market town. In 1249, University College (→ Oxford University) was founded and the development as a university town began, but conflict between the town (merchants) and the gown (university) arose, and the conflict continued for a long time, and it gradually declined as a market town. The history from the 16th century onwards is the history of universities, and the city's economy is heavily dependent on the university. However, in the 20th century, industries such as printing, publishing, and food (marmalade) developed, and in 1929, the city absorbed the suburban district of Cowley, where industries such as automobiles, heavy machinery, and electrical machinery began to develop, and developed into an industrial city. Many of the college buildings in the city are Gothic architecture built between the 15th and 17th centuries, so the city is known as the "city of spires" and is a popular tourist destination. Population: 145,100 (2004 estimate).

Oxford
Oxford

A city in northern Mississippi, United States. It was founded as a trading post. It was incorporated as a town in 1837 and was named after a British college town. In 1962, riots broke out over the issue of admitting black students to the University of Mississippi (founded in 1844). It is the former home of author W. Faulkner. Population 9,984 (1990).

Oxford
oxford

Oxford shirting is an abbreviation of oxford shirting. It is a plain woven cotton fabric or similar fabric with the same number of warp and weft threads. It is used for sportswear, women's and children's clothing, etc. Also, dark gray marbled flannel is called oxford.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イギリス，イングランド中南部，オックスフォードシャー県の県都。オックスフォード地区を構成する。ロンドンの西北西約 85kmのテムズ川沿岸に位置し，チャーウェル川の流入点に近い。初期の住民は乾燥した丘陵地帯に住んでいたが，アングロ・サクソン時代になるとこの川沿いの低地にも人が住むようになり，やがてデーン人の攻撃に備えてウェセックス王国の北境を守る要塞が築かれた。912年には初めて記録に現れ，ウェセックス王エドワードの領地として記されている。ノルマン朝時代に入って城，橋，市壁などが築かれ，市場町として発展。1249年ユニバーシティ・カレッジ（→オックスフォード大学）が創設されて大学町として発展が始まると，タウン（商人）とガウン（大学）の対立が生じ，その抗争が長く続き，市場町としてはしだいに衰退した。16世紀以降の歴史はすなわち大学の歴史となり，市の経済は大学に大きく依存。しかし 20世紀に入ると，印刷・出版，食品（マーマレード）などの工業が発達し，1929年には自動車を中心に関連の重機械，電機などの工業が発展し始めた郊外のカウリー地区を市域に吸収，工業都市としても発展した。市内にあるカレッジ（学寮）の建物には 15～17世紀建造のゴシック建築のものが多いため，「尖塔の町」として知られ，観光客も多い。人口 14万5100（2004推計）。

オックスフォード
Oxford

アメリカ合衆国，ミシシッピ州北部の都市。交易所として発足した。 1837年に町となり，イギリスの大学町にちなんで命名された。 1962年にはミシシッピ大学 (1844創立) への黒人学生の入学許可に関する問題をめぐって暴動が起った。作家 W.フォークナーの旧居がある。人口 9984 (1990) 。