Han - Kan (English spelling)

Japanese: 韓 - かん（英語表記）Han

The name of an ancient Korean region, country, or tribe. According to the section on Han in the Wei Zhi Dongyi Zhuan of the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the first and most detailed document on the state of the southern part of the ancient Korean peninsula, "Han was located south of Daifang Commandery and was divided into three parts: Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonjin (Byeonhan), and bordered Wa in the south." In other words, Jinhan was in the southeast of the peninsula, Mahan in the northwest, and Byeonjin bordering Mahan, and each of them seems to have been divided into several countries. When Lelang Commandery was destroyed by Goguryeo in the early 4th century, and Daifang Commandery was also destroyed by the Han people around the same time, China's control over Korea weakened, and the momentum for the unification of the Han people arose. Around the middle of the 4th century, Baekje was established in Mahan, and Silla was established in Jinhan, and the small Byeonjin states were placed under the direct rule of Wa (Japan) as the so-called Kara (Kara) (→Mimana). However, the Gaya states were divided by Silla and Baekje in succession, and in the 23rd year of King Jinheung's reign (562), Silla unified the remaining Gaya states, and the Korean peninsula moved from the Three Kingdoms of Korea to the Three Kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. There are many theories about the original meaning of "Kan" and there is no consensus. At the end of the Joseon Dynasty (1897), King Gojong (King Yi Tae) took the ancient name of the Three Kingdoms and temporarily called himself Daehan. Furthermore, the state that was established after liberation from Japan in 1945 also took the name of the Republic of Korea, after the ancient name.

Korean
Han

One of the Seven Warring States of China. In the early Spring and Autumn period, Han Wuzi of Jin was given the title of Han Yuan. He became powerful as one of the Six Ministers of Jin, and in 453 BC, he divided Jin into three parts, Zhao and Wei, and in 403 BC, he was officially recognized as a feudal lord by King Weilie of Zhou. His capital was Pingyang. It later moved to Yiyang and Yang Di, and in 375 BC, after Duke Ai destroyed Zheng, it became Zheng (Xinzheng, Henan Province). The heyday was in the mid-4th century BC, when Duke Zhao used Shen Fuhai to govern the country and prevent invasions by foreign enemies. Since Han was close to the powerful state of Qin, it was constantly subject to invasions by that state, and although it cooperated with Qi, Wei, and others to launch major counterattacks several times from the 14th year of the reign of King Xiang (298 BCE), its lands were gradually invaded, and it was destroyed by the First Emperor of Qin in the 9th year of Wang'an (230 BCE).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮古代の地域名。国名。部族名。古代朝鮮半島南部の状態を最初に最も詳細に記した文献『三国志』魏志東夷伝の韓の条によると，「韓は帯方郡の南にあって馬韓，辰韓，弁辰 (弁韓) の3種に分れ，南は倭と接する」ことになっている。すなわち半島の南東部に辰韓，北西部に馬韓，馬韓に接して弁辰があり，それぞれがまたいくつかの国に分れていたようである。4世紀初め楽浪郡が高句麗 (こうくり) によって滅亡し，これと前後して帯方郡も韓族らによって滅亡し，中国の朝鮮に対する支配力が弱化すると韓族統合の機運が起り，4世紀なかば頃馬韓の地に百済，辰韓の地から新羅が成立し，弁辰の諸小国はいわゆる加羅 (から) として倭 (日本) の直接統治下におかれた (→任那 ) 。しかし加羅諸国も新羅と百済によって相次いで分割され，真興王 23 (562) 年新羅によって残存の加羅も統合され，朝鮮半島は三韓から三国 (高句麗，百済，新羅) 対立の時代に移行する。なお「韓」の原義については諸説があり一定しない。また朝鮮王朝 (李朝) の末期 (1897) ，高宗 (李太王) は三韓の古名をとり一時大韓と号したことがある。さらに 1945年，日本から解放され成立した国家も，古名にちなんで大韓民国の名を称している。

韓
かん
Han

中国，戦国の七雄の一つ。春秋時代初期，晋の韓武子が韓原に封じられたのに始り，晋の六卿の一つとして強力になり，前 453年趙，魏と晋を3分し，前 403年周の威烈王から諸侯として公認された。都は平陽。のち宜陽，陽翟 (ようてき) と移り，前 375年，哀公が鄭を滅ぼしたのちに鄭 (河南省新鄭) となった。前4世紀中頃昭公が申不害 (しんふがい) を用いて国内を治め，外敵の侵入を防いだ頃が盛時であった。強国秦に隣接していたので絶えずその侵入を受け，襄王 14 (前 298) 年から数回，斉，魏などと協力して大反撃をしたこともあったが，次第に土地を侵略され，王安9 (前 230) 年秦の始皇帝に滅ぼされた。法家の代表者の韓非子は韓の公族である。

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