Wilhelmina - Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria

Queen of the Netherlands (reigned 1890-1948). In 1890, she inherited the throne after the death of her father, King William III. She was placed under her mother Emma's regency, but in 1998, her coronation ceremony was held at a church in Amsterdam. In 1901, she married Heinrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and in 1909 gave birth to Princess Juliana. Although she respected parliament under a constitutional monarchy, the Queen's influence was not small at all, and she maintained a neutral policy until the outbreak of World War II, and domestically she embarked on extensive social reforms. From 1940 to 1945, after the German invasion, she established a government in exile in London, where she preached resistance to Germany and freedom for the Netherlands, and was enthusiastically welcomed back to her homeland after the liberation of the Netherlands. In 1948, she abdicated and handed the throne over to Juliana. She has memoirs.

[Toru Fujikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

オランダ女王（在位1890～1948）。1890年父ウィレム3世の没後王位を継承。母エンマの摂政下に置かれたが、98年アムステルダムの教会で即位式をあげた。1901年メクレンブルク・シュウェーリン公ハインリヒと結婚、09年に王女ユリアナを出産。立憲君主制のもとで議会を尊重したが、女王の影響力もけっして小さくなく、第二次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)まで中立政策を堅持、国内的には広範な社会改革に着手した。40～45年、ドイツの侵入によりロンドンに亡命政権を樹立、ドイツへの抵抗とオランダの自由を説き、オランダ解放後、熱狂的に祖国へ迎えられた。48年ユリアナに位を譲り退位。回想録がある。

［藤川　徹］

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