A facility that acts as an intermediary between patients/medical institutions and blood donors, securing the necessary blood for transfusions, testing that blood, and supplying it upon request from medical institutions. Blood centers were originally called blood banks, and were established by the Japanese Red Cross Society in 1952 (Showa 27). At the time, some blood banks were private, and blood was obtained almost exclusively through blood buying. Eventually, the harmful effects of blood buying became a social issue, and in 1964 the government made a cabinet decision on "promoting blood donation," promoting the idea of blood donation and improving the system for accepting donated blood. In the same year, all Japanese Red Cross blood banks were renamed blood centers to eliminate the image of "blood deposits and priority returns," and private blood banks ceased operations one after another. Since 1973, blood has been obtained only through blood donations, and currently only Japanese Red Cross blood centers accept blood for transfusions (66 in total as of 2007). The main business activities of the Blood Center are listed below. (1) Securing blood for transfusions: Set up blood donation rooms within the area covered by the blood center and organize blood donation cooperation groups (companies, neighborhood associations, schools, etc.) to ensure a stable supply of blood. Dispatch blood donation vehicles to areas such as in front of train stations to widely appeal for blood donation cooperation. (2) Blood testing: Tests are conducted to check whether donated blood is suitable for transfusion (blood type, syphilis serum, HBs antigen, liver function, HIV antibody, etc.). In addition, blood tests are conducted to assist in the health management of donors (liver function, total protein, cholesterol, etc.). (3) Preparation and supply of blood Donated blood is prepared, manufactured, and supplied based on requests from medical institutions (whole blood, platelets, red blood cells, plasma preparations, etc.). (4) Other: Research and development of technology related to blood, etc. [Katsumi Furuya] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
患者・医療機関と献血者の間にたって、必要な輸血用血液を確保するとともに、その血液を検査し、医療機関の要請に応じて供給する施設をいう。 血液センターは当初、血液銀行とよばれ、日本赤十字社による創設は1952年(昭和27)であった。当時の血液銀行には民間のものもあり、血液確保の方法はほとんど買血によっていた。やがて買血による弊害が社会問題となり、政府は1964年「献血の推進について」の閣議決定を行い、献血思想の普及と献血受け入れ体制の整備を図ることとした。同年、日本赤十字社の血液銀行は「預血・優先還元」というイメージをなくすため、すべて血液センターと改称され、民間の血液銀行は次々と業務を廃止した。1973年以降、血液確保はすべて献血だけとなったため、現在の輸血用血液の受け入れは日本赤十字社の血液センターのみとなっている(2007年現在66か所)。 次に血液センターのおもな事業内容を示す。 (1)輸血用血液の確保 血液センターの担当地区内に献血ルームを設置、また、献血協力団体(会社、町会、学校等)を組織し、血液の安定確保を図る。駅前等に献血車を派遣し、広く献血協力を呼びかける。 (2)血液の検査 献血された血液が輸血に支障がないかどうかを検査する(血液型、梅毒血清、HBs抗原、肝機能、HIV抗体等の検査)。さらに、献血者への健康管理の一助としての血液検査(肝機能、総タンパク、コレステロール等の検査)。 (3)血液の調整と供給 献血された血液を医療機関からの依頼に基づき調整製造し、供給する(全血、血小板、赤血球、血漿(けっしょう)製剤等)。 (4)その他 血液に関する調査研究および技術の開発等。 [古谷克己] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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