The idea, mainly from the perspective of Christian fundamentalism, that there is a designer in charge of the birth of living things, and that some kind of intelligent design (ID) is involved. It has suddenly emerged as a representative anti-evolutionary position, replacing the creationist view that God created the world. Unlike the creationist view that is based on the Book of Genesis in the Bible, it is characterized by its claim to be a scientific inference. In 1987, the Supreme Court ruled that teaching creationism in biology classes in public schools was unconstitutional, and creationism could no longer enter the public education field. Although creationism is essentially a creationist view that does not bring up "God," ID, which maintains a scientific appearance, has replaced creationism in the educational field and is at the forefront of evolutionary criticism, causing various frictions in local communities. In some places, parents have filed lawsuits against school district committees that have decided to mention ID in biology classes, based on the freedom of religion guaranteed by the Constitution. In August 2005, President Bush expressed a stance that both evolution and ID should be taught in schools. The fact that half of the population in the United States, a country advanced in science and technology, supports the teaching of ID in public schools speaks to the solid foundations of Christian conservatism. (Ken Inoue, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
主にキリスト教原理主義などの立場からする、生物の誕生には、それを司った設計者がおり、そこには何らかの知的計画(ID)が関与しているという考え方。神がこの世を創ったとする創造説に代わって、反進化論的立場の代表格として急浮上してきた。聖書の創世記に論拠を置く創造説と違って、科学的推論であると主張されるのが特徴。1987年、連邦最高裁が、公立学校の生物の授業で創造説を教えることに違憲判決を出したことにより、創造説は公教育の場に入り込めなくなった。実質は「神」を持ち出さない創造説でありながら、あくまでも科学的装いを崩さないIDは、教育の現場でも、創造説に取って代わって進化論批判の急先鋒たる位置を占め、地域社会に様々な軋轢を引き起こしている。生物の授業でIDに言及することを決めた学校区委員会に対して、憲法で保障された信教の自由を根拠に、保護者から訴訟が起こされている所もある。ブッシュ大統領は2005年8月、学校では進化論とIDの双方を教えるべきだとの、両論併記的立場を表明した。科学技術先進国アメリカで、公立学校でIDを教えることに半数の国民が賛成しているという事実は、キリスト教保守主義の地盤の堅牢さを物語っている。
(井上健 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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