South Africa's first black trade union leader. Born in Nyasaland (now Malawi), he was a migrant worker in Cape Town in 1919 when he organized the city's dockworkers to form the Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU). The recession following World War I led to a rapid expansion of the labor movement, with ICU branches established in Durban, Johannesburg, and Bloemfontein, and at its peak, the membership exceeded 100,000. However, the ICU was dissolved in 1929 due to a number of factors, including the loss of cooperation from coloreds (mixed races) when the headquarters was moved to Johannesburg in 1926, large losses from the publication of its journal, conflicts with Communist Party members within the organization, and the fact that the ICU's anti-political combative nature against the government's racism had intensified since 1926, despite being an early labor union. [Akifumi Hayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アフリカ最初の黒人労働組合指導者。ニアサランド(現マラウイ)で生まれ、出稼ぎ労働者としてケープ・タウンにいた1919年、同市の港湾労働者を組織して商工組合(ICU)を結成した。第一次世界大戦後の不況によって労働運動は急激に拡大し、ダーバン、ヨハネスバーグ、ブルームフォンテーンにICU支部ができ、組合員は最盛時10万人を超えた。しかし26年、本部をヨハネスバーグに移したためカラード(混血)の協力を失ったこと、機関紙発行による大幅赤字、組織内の共産党員との対立、また初期の労働組合から26年以降政府の人種差別主義に対する反政治闘争的性格を強めたことなどにより、29年ICUは解体した。 [林 晃史] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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