septem artes liberales (English: septemartesliberales)

Japanese: septem artes liberales(英語表記)septemartesliberales
septem artes liberales (English: septemartesliberales)

...The common origin of the words music in English, Musik in German, musique in French, and musica in Italian is the Greek mousikē, which originally meant the arts administered by the goddesses known as the Muses, and included not only the art of music in the narrow sense, but also the art of poetry as something recited, dance, and other time arts unified by rhythm. This comprehensive concept of music collapsed in the Middle Ages in Europe, and instead was replaced by the concept of music as a speculative science positioned in the septem artes liberales, and practical music that actually resonates on the premise of performance. The latter gradually evolved into a sophisticated sound structure that included rhythm theory, pitch theory, and other theories as polyphonic music developed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. What these practical music and its theories have inherited from ancient Greece is the idea that the basis of musical construction is a rationally divisible relationship (ratio) and a numerical proportion (proportio).

From [Free Seven Subjects]

…A group of subjects in medieval universities in Europe. In English, they are called the liberal arts. They are also translated as free arts. Their ideological origins date back to the ancient Greek idea of ​​liberal arts appropriate for free people who were free from manual labor, and they are opposed to academic studies that are oriented toward practicality, vocational skills, and specialization. In the 4th and 5th centuries, at the end of the Roman era, they were limited to seven subjects, divided into three departments related to language (grammatica, rhetoric, logic) and four departments related to numbers (arithmetic, geometry, music, harmonia, and astronomy). …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "septem artes liberales" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…英語のミュージックmusic,ドイツ語のムジークMusik,フランス語のミュジックmusique,イタリア語のムージカmusicaなどの語の共通の語源とされるのは,ギリシア語の〈ムシケmousikē〉であるが,それはそもそも〈ムーサMousa〉(英語でミューズMuse)として知られる女神たちのつかさどる技芸を意味し,その中には狭義の音芸術のほか,朗誦されるものとしての詩の芸術,舞踊など,リズムによって統合される各種の時間芸術が包含されていた。このように包括的な〈音楽〉の概念は,ヨーロッパ中世においては崩壊し,それに代わって思弁的な学として〈自由七科septem artes liberales〉の中に位置づけられる〈音楽〉と演奏行為を前提として実際に鳴り響く実践的な〈音楽〉の概念が生まれたが,後者は中世からルネサンスにかけてのポリフォニー音楽の発展につれて,しだいにリズム理論,音程理論などを内部に含む精緻な音の構築物へと進化した。これらの実践的な音楽とその理論がギリシア古代から一貫して受け継いだのは,音楽的な構築の基礎を合理的に整除できる関係(ラティオratio)と数的比例(プロポルティオproportio)に求める考え方である。…

【自由七科】より

…ヨーロッパの中世大学における科目群。英語ではリベラル・アーツliberal arts。自由学芸とも訳され,思想的源流としては,古代ギリシアの,肉体労働から解放された自由人にふさわしい教養という考え方にさかのぼり,実利性や職業性や専門性を志向する学問と対立する。ローマ末期の4~5世紀に七つの科目に限定され,言語に関する三科trivium,すなわち文法grammatica,修辞学rhetorica,論理学logica(弁証法dialecticaと呼ばれることもある)と数に関連した四科quadrivium,すなわち算術arithmetica,幾何geometrica,音楽musica(もしくはharmonia),天文学astronomiaに区分される。…

※「septem artes liberales」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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