Born: March 4, 1877 in Berlin Died July 13, 1934. Berlin German ethnologist. While working at the Ethnological Museum in Berlin and then in Cologne, he established the research methodology of the so-called cultural area school. In works such as Cultural Areas and Layers in Oceania (1904), The Bow Culture of Melanesia (09), and Methode der Ethnologie (11), he presented quality and quantity criteria as methodological criteria for inferring the historical relationship between cultural domains and cultural areas and their diffusion and migration. This idea was a diffusionist approach (→ diffusion theory) in opposition to evolutionism, and he placed importance on mutual contact between societies in understanding cultural similarities and differences. He also pointed out the process of diffusion that affects the formation of cultural complexes, particularly through his research into material culture. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1877.3.4. ベルリン [没]1934.7.13. ベルリン ドイツの民族学者。ベルリン,次いでケルンの民族学博物館に勤務するかたわら,いわゆる文化圏学派の研究法を確立した。『オセアニアにおける文化圏と文化層』 (1904) ,『メラネシアの弓文化』 (09) ,『民族学の方法』 Methode der Ethnologie (11) などの著作で,質規準と量規準を文化領域,文化圏とそれらの伝播,移動の歴史的関係を推論する方法規準として示した。この考えは進化主義に対する伝播主義 (→伝播論 ) であり,文化上の異同を理解するのに社会間の相互の接触を重要視した。また,特に物質文化の研究により,文化複合形成に作用する伝播の過程を指摘した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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