Primitive law

Japanese: 未開法 - みかいほう（英語表記）primitive law

It refers to social regulations that legally order life in so-called "primitive societies." However, in recent years, as the recognition of pluralistic legal systems has taken hold in legal anthropology, attention has been focused on coexistence with state law, and terms such as "folk law" have come to be used to include informal legal regulations in all societies. In many cases, it is undifferentiated from social norms such as morality, religion, and magic, and order is maintained by precedent and custom, although it is not codified. In addition, the status of individuals within society is important, and in many cases conflicts are resolved by the power of tradition supported by a "communal consciousness" rather than by forced punishment.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

いわゆる「未開社会」において生活を法的に秩序づける社会規制をさす。しかし近年は，法人類学における多元的法体制の認識が定着したことから国家法との共存が注目され，フォーク・ロー folk lawなどの呼称を用いてあらゆる社会における非公式な法的規制を含めるようになった。多くの場合，道徳，宗教，呪術などの社会規範と未分化であり，成文化されてはいないが先例と慣習によって秩序が維持される。また，社会内の個人の地位が重要で，多くは強制的刑罰によるよりは「共同の意識」に支えられた伝統の力によって紛争処理が行われる。

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