Southern Buddhism

Japanese: 南方仏教 - なんぽうぶっきょう

Theravada Buddhism was introduced from India to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) by King Ashoka's son Mahinda, and then from Ceylon to Burma (now Myanmar) in the 11th century, and then spread to Thailand, Cambodia, and other countries. Southern Buddhism is a direct descendant of primitive Buddhism, and is characterized by its faithful observance of primitive Buddhist precepts. There are many works by scholars of Southern Buddhism, but Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga (The Treatise on the Path of Purification) from the 5th century is said to be a masterpiece, and he compiled Theravada teachings. Furthermore, Anuruddha's Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha (The Treatise on the Path of Purification) from around the 12th century is highly valued as a summary of Theravada teachings. Overall, Theravada teachings have a more advanced doctrine than the Agama Sutras, and there has been notable development in the study of psychology in particular.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アショーカ王の子マヒンダによってインドからセイロン (現スリランカ) に伝えられ，次いで 11世紀にセイロンからビルマ (現ミャンマー) に伝えられ，次にタイ，カンボジアなどに広がった上座部系統の仏教をいう。南方仏教は原始仏教の直系を伝える仏教であり，原始仏教の戒律を忠実に実行する点にその特徴がある。南方仏教の学者の著作は多いが，特に5世紀のブッダゴーサの『清浄道論』 Visuddhimaggaは名著といわれ，彼によって上座部の教学が集大成された。さらに 12世紀頃のアヌルッダの『摂阿毘達磨義論』 Abhidhammatthasaṅgahaは上座部の教理の綱要書として珍重される。総体的にみると上座部の教学では『阿含経』より一歩進んだ教理が現れており，特に心理説の研究には注目すべき発達がある。

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