Granulite - Granulite

Japanese: グラニュライト - ぐらにゅらいと(英語表記)granulite
Granulite - Granulite

It is also called leucite. Originally, it referred to a metamorphic rock with an equigranular texture made of minerals that do not have a particular crystal habit, such as quartz or feldspar, but it is rarely used in this sense these days. It is now generally used to refer to regional metamorphic rocks that were formed under high temperature (700-800°C) and water-poor conditions, i.e., granulite facies conditions.

A typical granulite does not contain any hydrous minerals because hydrous minerals become unstable and decompose under high temperature conditions. For example, biotite and hornblende decompose to produce orthopyroxene, calc-pyroxene, and feldspars. Therefore, the main components of granulite are quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, calc-pyroxene, garnet, and sillimanite, all of which are minerals that do not contain water. In addition, in granulite, quartz and feldspar, which should be colorless in nature, are often colored blue, blue-green, or brown, so that even felsic rocks rich in these minerals appear dark to the naked eye, rather than white or light gray.

Granulites are found in Precambrian rocks and are therefore widespread in the shield. They are often associated with eclogites and anorthosites. Granulites are thought to be the basis of the lower crust of the Earth's continents. Granulites are considered metamorphic rocks, although previously it was thought that most of the rocks were igneous.

[Mitsuo Hashimoto]

[References] | Anorthosite | Eclogite | Igneous rock | Quartz | Precambrian | Shield | Feldspar | Metamorphic rock

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

白榴岩(はくりゅうがん)ともいう。元来は、石英や長石のように特別な晶癖(しょうへき)をもたない鉱物の、等粒かつ粒状の組織からなる変成岩のことであったが、いまではこの意味に使われることはほとんどない。そして、高い温度(700~800℃)で、かつ水に乏しい条件、つまりグラニュライト相の条件で生成した広域変成岩を総称するのが普通である。

 高温条件下では含水鉱物は不安定となって分解するため、典型的なグラニュライトは含水鉱物を含まない。たとえば、黒雲母(くろうんも)や普通角閃石は分解し、斜方輝石、カルシウム輝石、長石類などを生ずる。したがって、グラニュライトの主成分は、石英、カリウム長石、斜長石、斜方輝石、カルシウム輝石、ざくろ石、珪(けい)線石など、すべて水を含まない鉱物である。また、グラニュライトでは、元来無色であるはずの石英や長石が、しばしば青色、青緑色、褐色などに着色しているため、これらに富む珪長質の岩石でも、肉眼的には白色ないし淡灰色でなく、暗い色にみえる。

 グラニュライトは先カンブリア時代の岩石に多く、したがって楯状地(たてじょうち)に広く分布する。しばしば、エクロジャイトやアノーソサイトを伴う。また、陸地の下部地殻はグラニュライトからできているものと思われている。グラニュライトは変成岩と考えられているが、以前はその反対に、大部分が火成岩であると思われていた。

[橋本光男]

[参照項目] | アノーソサイト | エクロジャイト | 火成岩 | 石英 | 先カンブリア時代 | 楯状地 | 長石 | 変成岩

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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