Weihai

Japanese: 威海 - いかい
Weihai

It is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of Shandong Province, China, and the easternmost part of the Shandong Peninsula. It has a population of 2.548 million (2014). It governs two city districts and acts as the deputy governer for two county-level cities (as of 2016). The city center is surrounded by mountains on three sides, east, west, and south, and on the north side there is a small island called Liugong Island, which acts as a natural breakwater. The water in the port is deep and does not freeze all year round. However, due to its topography, there is little plain in the hinterland, which has limited development. The surrounding hilly areas produce apples. With a large area of ​​sea, it is one of the leading producers of seafood in the country. The Qingrong Intercity Railway (Qingdao-Rongcheng) high-speed railway runs through the city, and Weihai International Airport has air routes to domestic and international cities.

It has been considered important since ancient times because it is located at the entrance to the Bohai Bay. For example, the "Wei" in Weihaiwei refers to a local defense station in the Ming Dynasty military system, and this area was one of them at the time, so it was called Weihaiwei. In the Qing Dynasty, Wei was abolished and the area was incorporated into Wendeng County. Later, at the end of the 19th century, it became a naval port for the Beiyang Navy, so the old name Weihaiwei was used again. During the Sino-Japanese War, it was attacked by the Japanese army. Then, Russia and Germany leased Port Arthur and Jiaozhou Bay, respectively, and Britain leased Weihaiwei in 1898 to use as a naval base in order to compete with Russia. The period was the same as the period of Russia's lease of Port Arthur. In 1930, the then government (the Nationalist government) negotiated with the British and successfully regained control over Weihaiwei.

[Masayoshi Kurahashi, Editorial Department, January 19, 2017]

[Reference items] | Shandong (province) | Shandong Peninsula

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、山東(さんとう)省東部、山東半島最東部の地級市。人口254万8000(2014)。2市轄区を管轄し、2県級市の管轄代行を行う(2016年時点)。市中心部の東、西、南の三方は山に囲まれ北側には天然の防波堤のように劉公(りゅうこう)島という小島がある。港の水深は深く、終年凍結しない。ただ地形上、後背地に平野が乏しく、そのため発展が制限された。周辺の丘陵地帯ではリンゴを産する。広い海域を有することから、国内有数の水産物の産地となっている。高速鉄道の青栄城際鉄道(青島(チンタオ)―栄成(えいせい))が通り、威海国際空港からは国内外の都市への航空路線が開設されている。

 渤海(ぼっかい)湾の入口を扼(やく)する地点に位置するため、昔から重要視されてきた。たとえば、威海衛の「衛」は明(みん)代の軍制で地方分駐防衛の場所をいうが、当時この地もその一つとされたので、威海衛とよばれた。清(しん)代に入ると衛は廃止され、この地は文登(ぶんとう)県に編入された。その後19世紀末に至って北洋海軍の軍港となったため、ふたたび旧名の威海衛が用いられるようになった。日清戦争では日本軍の攻撃を受けた。続いてロシア、ドイツが、旅順(りょじゅん)、膠州(こうしゅう)湾をそれぞれ租借すると、イギリスはロシアとの対抗上、1898年に威海衛を租借して海軍根拠地とした。期間はロシアの旅順租借期間と同一とされた。1930年になり、当時の政府(国民政府)はイギリスと交渉し、威海衛に対する支配権を取り戻すことに成功した。

[倉橋正直・編集部 2017年1月19日]

[参照項目] | 山東(省) | 山東半島

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