Born: September 14, 1920 in Omaha, Nebraska [Died] October 20, 2013. Gladwin, Pennsylvania. American economist. Full name: Lawrence Robert Klein. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley in 1942, he studied under Paul Samuelson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and obtained his doctorate in 1944. He worked at the University of Chicago, the National Bureau of Economic Research, the University of Michigan, and the Oxford University Statistical Institute. In 1958, he moved to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he served as the Benjamin Franklin Professor of Finance and Economics from 1968 to 1991, and later became a professor emeritus. He is one of the founders of the macroeconomic model, and while many economists predicted that the end of World War II would lead to a further economic downturn, he correctly predicted that demand suppressed during the war and the purchasing power of returning soldiers would support the economy. In 1980, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his invention of the Klein model, an economic forecasting model for analyzing economic fluctuations and economic policies, and for his achievements in developing the methodology behind it. The Wharton Econometric Forecasting Model, an improvement of the Klein Model, is widely used to forecast fluctuations in a country's or region's gross domestic product (GDP), exports, investment, consumption, etc. (→ Macro Model). In addition, the Link Project, which collected a huge amount of data from developed countries, planned economy countries, and developing countries, attempted to forecast international trade and capital movements and measure the effects of economic policies in advance. He has written many books, including "Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1921-1941" (1950), A Textbook of Econometrics (1953), and "An Econometric Model of the United States, 1929-1952" (1955), co-authored with Arthur S. Goldberger. Klein Klein, (Christian) Felix Born: November 25, 1849 in Dusseldorf [Died] June 22, 1925. Göttingen German mathematician. He studied in Bonn, Göttingen, and Berlin, and was subsequently professor of mathematics at the University of Erlangen (1872-75), the Technical University of Munich (1875-80), the University of Leipzig (1880-86), and the University of Göttingen (1886-1913). He made great contributions to various fields of mathematics, but in particular, his inaugural lecture at the University of Erlangen, later called the Erlangen Catalogue, was epoch-making and had a great influence on the development of geometry. He was also very interested in the history of mathematics and mathematics education, and was skilled in administrative matters. He was the editor of the technical journal "Mathematische Annalen" from 1872, and also collaborated in the editing of the Encyclopedia of Mathematics. His main works are Lectures on the Icosahedron (1884) and Lectures on the Theory of Automorphic Functions (2 volumes, 97, 1902). Klein Klein, Yves Born: April 28, 1928, Nice [Died] June 6, 1962. Paris. French artist. After graduating from the École Nationale Orientale in Nice, he became a jazz musician for a time, but later decided to become an artist. Both of his parents were painters. In 1958, he began painting in blue, stating that "monochrome paintings are intended to dematerialize color." In the same year, he held a solo exhibition in Paris titled "Empty," in which he painted the interior of a gallery completely white, which attracted attention. In 1960, he produced "Anthropometric Survey," in which he painted a woman's body with blue paint and printed it on a canvas. He later produced works in which he burned the painting with flames, as well as plans for a fountain of fire. He was considered one of the French Nouveau Réalisers, but he was consistently interested in the metaphysical world rather than reality. He stayed in Japan from 1952 to 1953, and was a black belt in Kodokan Judo. Klein Klein, William Born 1928 in New York. American photographer. Studied sociology at the City University of New York. After serving in the military in Europe for three years from 1945, he majored in literature at the Sorbonne. He became interested in painting and studied under Léger. He worked as a painter until 1953. He then turned his attention to photography, and began fashion photography in 1954. He published "New York" in 1956, and subsequently published collections of his work on the theme of cities, including "Rome", "Moscow", and "Tokyo". He devoted himself to film from 1958, making over 20 films. He returned to work as a photographer in 1980. Klein Klein, Calvin Born November 19, 1942, New York. American fashion designer. Graduated from the Fashion Institute of Technology, New York. In 1962, he joined a ready-to-wear suit and coat manufacturer in New York, and in 1968, he went independent with a friend. His designs are characterized by simple, understated, and classic designs. At first, he attracted attention for his suits and coats, but in 1978 he expanded into men's wear. He gradually began designing sportswear and jeans, and is said to be a pioneer of designer jeans. He won the Coty Award for three consecutive years from 1973 to 1975. Klein Klein, Melanie Born: March 30, 1882 in Vienna [Died] September 24, 1960, London. Austrian female psychoanalyst. She achieved great success in child psychoanalytic therapy, and established what is known as the Kleinian school of thought. This school argued that psychoanalytic theory could be applied to children as is, which led to conflict with A. Freud, who believed that it needed to be revised. She was never able to become a doctor and remained without a degree all her life, but in 1919 she was elected a member of the Budapest Psychoanalytic Society, and in 1925 she was invited to move to London, where she was active as a member of the British Psychoanalytic Society. Klein Kline, Franz Born May 23, 1910 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania [Died] May 13, 1962. New York, New York. American painter. Full name Franz Rowe Kline. Known for his black and white paintings reminiscent of calligraphy. A contemporary of Jackson Pollock and Robert Motherwell, he was one of the American Abstract Expressionist painters of the 1950s. He studied painting at Boston University from 1931 to 1935, and held his first solo exhibition in 1950. At the end of the 1950s, he created works that used color. Klein cline A general term for topoclines and ecoclines. A concept used when considering the taxonomic characteristics of living organisms. When there are no clearly discontinuous characteristics, but there is a wide range of variation, and they are considered together as the same group, it is called a topocline if the difference in the characteristics has a certain gradient according to geographical distribution, and an ecocline if it has a gradient according to changes in ecological conditions. Based on the proposal of J. Huxley (1939). Klein Klein, Georg Michael [Born] 1776 [Died] 1820 German philosopher. Successor of Schelling's philosophy. Professor at the University of Würzburg. His main work is "Darstellung der philosophischen Religions-und Sittenlehre" (1818). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |