Herbart - Johann Friedrich Herbart

Japanese: ヘルバルト - へるばると(英語表記)Johann Friedrich Herbart
Herbart - Johann Friedrich Herbart

German philosopher and pedagogue. Born in Oldenburg, he developed an interest in philosophy from an early age under the tutoring of Urtzel. He studied natural sciences at Kruse's private school (1785-1786), and while attending gymnasium, he showed early talent by writing a thesis on the freedom of the human will (1790) and delivering a speech on the general causes of moral improvement and decay in the state (1793) as representative of the graduating class. He studied law at the University of Jena, where he was influenced by the philosophy of Fichte, while also visiting Weimar, where Goethe, Schiller, and Herder lived, to acquire artistic knowledge. After graduating, he became a tutor to the Steigel family in Bern for three years, and this, along with a visit to Pestalozzi at Grundorf (1799), prompted his decisive interest in pedagogy. He lectured in pedagogy, ethics, and philosophy at the University of Göttingen (1802-1809), and wrote his major works General Pedagogy (1806) and General Practical Philosophy (1807). He was invited to the University of Königsberg to take over the prestigious Kant course (1809), and wrote Textbook of Psychology (1816) and Institutes of Philosophy (1831), while also establishing educational seminars and experimental schools and playing an active role in the field of education. He was invited back to the University of Göttingen (1833-1837), where he wrote Outlines for Lectures on Pedagogy (1835), which established the basis of his pedagogy system, and advocated the arousal of multifaceted interests by seeking the purpose of education in ethics and the method in psychology. It was introduced to Japan in the 1880s along with a teaching method developed into five stages by Tuiskon Ziller (1817-1882), and had a great influence, especially among Tanimoto Tomeri (1867-1946).

[Masubuch Yukio April 17, 2015]

"General Education" (translated by Saegusa Takahiro, 1960, Meiji Tosho Publishing/translated by Koretsune Masami, 1968, Tamagawa University Press) "Herbart, The Aesthetic Expression of the World, translated by Takakuwa Kiyoshi (1972, Meiji Tosho Publishing)"

[References] | Fichte | Pestalozzi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの哲学者、教育学者。オルデンブルクに生まれ、家庭教師ユルツェルの教育下に幼少時より哲学への関心を抱く。クルーゼの私塾で自然科学を学び(1785~1786)、ギムナジウム在学中に人間の意志の自由に関する論文を書き(1790)、卒業生代表として「国家において道徳の向上と堕落を招来する一般的原因について」の演説を行う(1793)など、早くから非凡さを発揮した。イエナ大学で法律を学び、そこでフィヒテの哲学に影響を受ける一方、ゲーテ、シラー、ヘルダーの住むワイマールを訪れては芸術的素養を身につけた。卒業後3年間ベルンのシュタイゲル家の家庭教師となったが、グルンドルフにペスタロッチを訪ねたこと(1799)とともに、これが教育学への決定的関心を促した。ゲッティンゲン大学で教育学、倫理学、哲学を講じ(1802~1809)、主著『一般教育学』(1806)、『一般実践哲学』(1807)を著す。ケーニヒスベルク大学に招かれて名誉あるカントの講座を継承し(1809)、『心理学教本』(1816)、『哲学綱要』(1831)を著す一方、教育セミナーや実験学校を付設して教育実践面にも活躍した。ふたたびゲッティンゲン大学に招かれ(1833~1837)、教育学体系を基礎づけた『教育学講義綱要』(1835)を著し、教育の目的を倫理学に、方法を心理学に求めて多面的興味の喚起を唱えた。ツィラーTuiskon Ziller(1817―1882)によって5段階に発展させられた教授法とともに明治20年代、日本に紹介され、谷本富(たにもととめり)(1867~1946)を中心として大きな影響を及ぼした。

[増渕幸男 2015年4月17日]

『『一般教育学』(三枝孝弘訳・1960・明治図書出版/是常正美訳・1968・玉川大学出版部)』『ヘルバルト著、高久清吉訳『世界の美的表現』(1972・明治図書出版)』

[参照項目] | フィヒテ | ペスタロッチ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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