Kurairich

Directly controlled territories of feudal lords from the end of the Muromachi period onwards. Also called Okurairi, Daidokorin, Tenryo, etc. Sengoku daimyo, Toyotomi clan, Tokugawa Shogunate and each feudal lord provided some of their territories to their subordinates as vassals and as 'Kyuden' or 'Kyuryo', and also controlled important territories as direct territories and directly collected tax revenues to support their families. The revenues were miscellaneous, including rice, gold and silver, timber and local specialties, all of which were delivered to the lord's storehouse, hence the name. Toyotomi clan's 'Kurairi' territories are thought to have been around 2 million koku, including mines in various regions. Since its inception, the Tokugawa Shogunate has sought to increase Tenryo, and the amount reached 4 million koku during the Genroku period (1688-1704) and 4.51 million koku in 1732 (Kyoho 17). The shogunate appointed magistrates, county governors, and deputies to rule each of the tenryo territories.

[Mitsuru Miyagawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町末期以降の領主の直轄領。御蔵入(おくらいり)、台所入、天領などともいう。戦国大名、豊臣(とよとみ)氏や徳川幕府および各藩主は、その所領のうち若干を配下の家臣に給付して給地、給領とするほか、要地を直轄領として支配し、年貢公事(くじ)を直接収取して一家の経済にあてた。その収入は年貢米、金銀、木材、特産品など雑多で、いずれも領主の蔵に納入されることから、この称が生じた。豊臣氏の蔵入地は200万石前後と考えられ、各地の鉱山も含まれていた。徳川幕府は開幕以来、天領の増加を図り、その額は元禄(げんろく)年間（1688～1704）に400万石、1732年（享保17）に451万石に達した。幕府は各地の天領に奉行(ぶぎょう)または郡代、代官を置いて支配させた。

［宮川　満］

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