Born: 29 September 1725, Staich, Shropshire [Died] 22 November 1774, London. British soldier and politician. Established British rule in India. Joined the British East India Company in 1743, travelled to Madras in 1744, and soon participated in the war with France in India (→Karnataka War). Distinguished himself as a soldier at the Battle of Arcot. After a brief return to England, he recaptured Calcutta from the Nawab of Bengal in 1756, and won the Battle of Plassey in 1757, solidifying British rule in Bengal. Returned to England in 1760 and became a member of the House of Commons. In 1762, he was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland for seniority, and many members of Parliament came from his family afterwards. In 1765, he returned to India as Governor of Bengal, reorganized the governing organization of the East India Company, and obtained the Diwani (right to collect land tax and manage finances) of the Bengal region from the Mughal Emperor. Returned to England in 1767. He was criticized by Parliament for his policies and personal gain during his term in office, and in his despair and suffering from illness, he committed suicide in 1774. Clive |
[生]1725.9.29. シュロップシャー,スタイチ [没]1774.11.22. ロンドン イギリスの軍人,政治家。イギリスのインド支配の確立者。 1743年イギリス東インド会社に入り,1744年マドラスに渡り,まもなくインドにおけるフランスとの戦争 (→カルナータカ戦争 ) に参加。アルコットの戦いで軍人として名をあげた。一時帰国ののち,1756年ベンガル太守よりカルカッタを奪回,1757年プラッシーの戦いに勝って,イギリスのベンガル支配を固めた。 1760年帰国して下院議員。 1762年功によりアイルランド貴族に列せられ,また以後彼の親族から多くの国会議員が輩出することになった。 1765年ベンガル知事として再びインドに渡り,東インド会社の統治組織を整備し,ベンガル地方のディーワーニー (地租徴税権および財政管理権) をムガル皇帝より得た。 1767年帰国。議会から,在任中の施政と私欲に対して非難を受け,失意と病苦のうちに 1774年自殺した。 クライブ
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