Klaipeda - Klaipeda (English spelling)

Japanese: クライペダ - くらいぺだ(英語表記)Klaipeda
Klaipeda - Klaipeda (English spelling)

A commercial and industrial city in the Republic of Lithuania. German name: Memel. Population: 192,954 (2001), with 63% Lithuanian, 28.2% Russian, 7% Polish, 1.5% Belarusian, 1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Latvian, 0.1% Jewish, and 0.6% others (1989). A coastal city that developed on a long, narrow lagoon on the Baltic Sea's Kursk Bay, with an ice-free port. One of the oldest cities in Lithuania, and an important city in the Hanseatic League, it was a bustling trade center for lumber, agricultural products, and marine products. Even today, the fishing, food processing, and pulp industries are thriving.

[Shigeru Yamamoto]

history

It was built in 1252 as a fortress for the Livonian Order, which was founded by the Knights of the Sword. Known as Memelburg, it developed as a Hanseatic city, but was the target of attacks by Lithuanians, Poles, and Swedes. The Lithuanian name Klaipėda first appeared in 1420, but it was known as Memel, a German name, until 1923. It was under Prussian control for a long time, although it was briefly occupied by Russia from the 17th century onwards. It came under Russian control during World War I, but was placed under French control by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1923, Lithuanians carried out a surprise attack on it, and after international negotiations, it became an autonomous region subordinate to Lithuania in 1924, but in March 1939, Germany occupied it. Lithuania was incorporated into the Soviet Union in August 1940, and in the following year, it came under German occupation during the German-Soviet War. In January 1945, it became part of the Soviet Union again, and Klaipeda was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Socialist Republic of Lithuania. On March 11, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Lithuania declared Lithuania's independence, which was recognized by the Soviet Union in September 1991, and Lithuania regained its sovereignty. Klaipeda has a sister city relationship with Kuji City in Iwate Prefecture, as it is an amber producing area.

[Shima Sonoko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

リトアニア共和国の商工業都市。ドイツ名メーメルMemel。人口19万2954(2001)で、人口構成はリトアニア人63%、ロシア人28.2%、ポーランド人7%、ベラルーシ人1.5%、ウクライナ人1%、ラトビア人0.1%、ユダヤ人0.1%、その他0.6%(1989)。バルト海クルスク湾岸のラグーン(潟湖(せきこ))上に細長く発達した湾岸都市で不凍港である。リトアニア最古の都市の一つで、ハンザ同盟の重要な都市として、木材、農産物、水産物の交易が盛んであった。現在も、水産業、食品加工、パルプ工業が盛んである。

[山本 茂]

歴史

1252年に、帯剣騎士団によってつくられたリボニア騎士団の砦(とりで)として建設された。メーメルブルクとして知られ、ハンザ同盟都市として発展したが、リトアニア人、ポーランド人、スウェーデン人の攻撃の対象となった。リトアニア名クライペダという名称は、1420年に初めて現れるが、1923年まではドイツ名メーメルとして知られるように、17世紀以降、ロシアに一時的に占領されることはあったが、長らくプロイセンの支配下にあった。第一次世界大戦時にロシア支配下となったが、ベルサイユ条約によりフランスの管理下に置かれた。23年にリトアニア人が奇襲により占領、国際的折衝の末、24年にリトアニアに従属する自治地域となったが、39年3月ドイツが同地を占領した。リトアニアは40年8月にソ連へ編入され、翌41年、独ソ戦によりドイツ占領下となったが、45年1月にふたたびソ連領に、その際、クライペダもリトアニア社会主義共和国領としてソ連に編入された。90年3月11日、リトアニア最高会議はリトアニアの独立を宣言、91年9月にはソ連から承認され、リトアニアは主権を回復した。クライペダは、琥珀(こはく)の産地であることから岩手県久慈(くじ)市と姉妹都市を結んでいる。

[志摩園子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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