Abutuni - Abutuni

A female poet of the late Kamakura period. Author of "Izayoi Nikki." Mother of Reizei Tamesuke, a concubine of Fujiwara Tameie. Her real parents are unknown, and her adoptive father was Taira Nori Shige. She served Ankamon'in and was known by the names Echizen, Uemonnosuke, and Shijo. Her diary "Utatane no Ki" tells us that in her youth, she ran away from home after being unrequited love with a nobleman. She later had two children with another lover, and later took refuge in places such as Hokkeji Temple in Nara and the home of the monk Keisei at Matsuo. He met Tameie around 1252 (Kencho 4, around age 30) and helped him with waka poetry. He gave birth to three sons, Jogaku, Tamesuke, and Tamemori, and lived with him in Saga. He fought with his eldest son from another litter, Tameuji, over the ownership of the inherited land and waka documents of Hosokawa Manor in Harima Province (Hosokawa-cho, Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture), and even caused an incident where he moved documents handed down by the Mikohidari family to his own residence, the north forest of Jimyoin. After Tameie's death, he went down to Kamakura in 1279 (Kōan 2) to take part in a lawsuit over the succession of Hosokawa Manor. This is recorded in the "Jūzaiya Nikki." He died on April 8, 6th year of Kōan, before the verdict was reached. It is unclear whether he returned to Kyoto and died there or died while away in Kamakura, but his graves are located both at Daidouji Temple in Nishihachijo, Kyoto, and at Eishouji Temple in Kamakura.

Her works include "Utatane no Ki" and "Jurokuya Nikki", as well as the poetry treatise "Yoru no Tsuru", the devotional text "Abutsu Kana Fuju", and the poetry collections "Ankamon'in Shijo Hyakushu" and "Ankamon'in Gohyakushu", all of which were collected in imperial anthologies such as "Shokukokinshu". It is unclear whether "Tei no Oshie" (also known as "Menoto no Fumi") is a genuine work. Her somewhat tyrannical behavior, due to her excessive love for her beloved son Tamekazu, is detailed in her stepson Minamoto no Gensho's "Minamoto no Gensho Waka Kuden", and her elegant and intelligent actions, befitting a wife of Tameka, are detailed in "Saga no Kayoi" (written by Asukai Masaari). She had a deep knowledge of the classics and was a typical Kamakura woman, maternal and strong-willed.

[Miyoko Iwasa]

"Abutuni, Annotated Complete Works, edited by Yanase Kazuo, Revised Edition (1981, Kazama Shobo)" ▽ "Abutuni, by Fukuda Shuichi (included in the History of Japanese Women's Literature, Ancient and Medieval Edition, 1969, Dobun Shoin)" ▽ "Utatane, Complete Translation and Annotations, by Tsuguta Kasumi (Kodansha Academic Library)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉後期の女流歌人。『十六夜(いざよい)日記』の著者。藤原為家(ためいえ)の側室、冷泉為相(れいぜいためすけ)の生母。実父母は不明、養父は平度繁(のりしげ)。安嘉門院(あんかもんいん)に仕えて越前(えちぜん)、右衛門佐(うえもんのすけ)、四条などと称した。青春時代、ある貴人に失恋して出奔出家したことが日記『うたたねの記』で知られる。その後別の愛人との間に2子をもうけ、のち奈良法華寺(ほっけじ)、松尾(まつのお)の慶政(けいせい)上人のもとなどに身を寄せた。1252年（建長4。30歳ぐらいか）ごろ為家と相知り、歌道を助けるとともに定覚(じょうがく)、為相、為守(ためもり)の3子をあげ、嵯峨(さが)に同棲(どうせい)した。播磨(はりま)国細川庄（兵庫県三木市細川町）の伝領と和歌文書の所有権をめぐって異腹の長子為氏と争い、自らの本居「持明院の北林」に御子左家(みこひだりけ)伝来の文書を運び移すような事件も起こした。為家没後、1279年（弘安2）細川庄相続訴訟のため鎌倉下向。その記録が『十六夜日記』である。判決を待たず弘安(こうあん)6年4月8日没。帰京して没したか、鎌倉で客死したかは不明で、墓は京都西八条大通寺と鎌倉英勝寺との双方にある。

　作品には『うたたねの記』『十六夜日記』のほか歌論書『夜の鶴(つる)』、願文『阿仏仮名諷誦(かなふじゅ)』、歌集『安嘉門院四条百首』『同五百首』があり、『続古今(しょくこきん)集』以下の勅撰(ちょくせん)集に入集(にっしゅう)する。『庭の訓(おしえ)』（一名『乳母(めのと)の文(ふみ)』）は真作か否か未詳。愛児為相を思うあまりのやや専横なふるまいは継子源承(げんしょう)の『源承和歌口伝(くでん)』に、為家室たるにふさわしい風雅で才気あふれる行動は『嵯峨のかよひ』（飛鳥井雅有(あすかいまさあり)著）に詳しい。古典に造詣(ぞうけい)深く、母性的で勝ち気な鎌倉女性の一典型である。

［岩佐美代子］

『簗瀬一雄編『校註阿仏尼全集』増補版（1981・風間書房）』▽『福田秀一著『阿仏尼』（『日本女流文学史　古代中世編』1969・同文書院・所収）』▽『次田香澄著『うたたね　全訳注』（講談社学術文庫）』

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