Air-membrane structure - pneumatic structure

Japanese: 空気膜構造 - くうきまくこうぞう(英語表記)pneumatic structure
Air-membrane structure - pneumatic structure

This refers to structures that are formed so that the membrane can be placed in a bidirectional pretension state by the pressure difference between inside and outside, and the rigidity based on this can be utilized, such as the lenticular double membrane in Figure A , the tubular membrane in Figure B, and the single membrane with peripheral structure in Figure C.

Membrane materials such as canvas and thin stainless steel membranes do not have compressive stiffness as they are, but if they are tensioned in advance, they can bear additional compressive stress equivalent to the reduction in tension until the tension is lost, and the corresponding compressive stiffness can be utilized. Even in the case of the straight air membrane tube in Figure B , when internal pressure is applied, the element is in a tensile stress state in both the generatrix direction and the circumferential direction. Therefore, it can bear compressive stress due to overall bending equivalent to the generatrix tension. The tension of the membrane is proportional to the differential pressure and the radius of curvature of the membrane surface. Therefore, in a large-span air membrane structure, many cables are stretched in a mesh shape along the membrane surface of the single membrane in Figure C , and the membrane surface is tied down as shown in Figure D , forming many divided membrane surfaces with small radii of curvature. In addition, an expansion device is installed to realize the pressure difference between the inside and outside. This method allows a large space without columns with a span of several hundred meters to be realized relatively inexpensively. The American Pavilion at the 1970 World Exposition was an air membrane structure like this. Since then, many all-weather baseball fields and stadiums have been built using this method.

[Tsuneyoshi Nakamura]

Pretension and applied compressive stress
©Shogakukan ">

Pretension and applied compressive stress

Double membrane air structure (Fig. A)
©Shogakukan ">

Double membrane air structure (Fig. A)

Straight air membrane tube structure (Figure B)
©Shogakukan ">

Straight air membrane tube structure (Figure B)

Single membrane air membrane structure (Fig. C)
©Shogakukan ">

Single membrane air membrane structure (Fig. C)

Air-membrane structure consisting of a membrane and a cable net (Fig. D)
©Shogakukan ">

Air conditioner consisting of a membrane and a presser cable net…


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

図Aのレンズ状二重膜、図Bのチューブ状の膜、図Cの周辺構造をもつ一重膜のように、内外の圧力差で膜を二方向予張力状態とし、それに基づく剛性を利用できるように形成した構造物のことをいう。

 キャンバスや薄いステンレス膜などの膜材料は、そのままでは圧縮剛性をもたないが、あらかじめ張力を与えた状態にしておくと、その張力が失われるまでは張力減に相当する付加圧縮応力を負担できることになり、それに対応する圧縮剛性を利用できる。図Bの直線空気膜チューブでも、内圧が与えられた状態では、その要素は母線方向にも円周方向にも引張り応力状態にある。したがって、母線方向の張力相当分だけ、全体的な曲げによる圧縮応力を負担できることになる。膜の張力は差圧と膜面の曲率半径に比例する。そこで大スパンの空気膜構造では、図Cの一重膜の膜面に沿って多数のケーブルを網目状に張り渡し、図Dのように膜面を縛り付けることによって、多数の曲率半径の小さい区分膜面を形成する。また、内外の圧力差を実現するために膨張装置を設置する。この方法によれば、スパン数百メートルの柱のない大空間を比較的廉価で実現することができる。1970年(昭和45)に開かれた日本万国博覧会のアメリカ館はこのような空気膜構造である。その後多数の全天候型の野球場や競技場が、この方法で建設されている。

[中村恒善]

予張力状態と付加圧縮応力
©Shogakukan">

予張力状態と付加圧縮応力

二重膜型空気膜構造〔図A〕
©Shogakukan">

二重膜型空気膜構造〔図A〕

直線空気膜チューブ構造〔図B〕
©Shogakukan">

直線空気膜チューブ構造〔図B〕

一重膜型空気膜構造〔図C〕
©Shogakukan">

一重膜型空気膜構造〔図C〕

膜と押えケーブルネットで構成される空気膜構造〔図D〕
©Shogakukan">

膜と押えケーブルネットで構成される空気…


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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