Kinno - Shimeno

In ancient times, wilderness areas were prohibited for emperors to enter or use for hunting and other purposes. It can also be written as shimeno. The reading "shimeno" retains a vestige of the custom of possession. During the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito, prohibitions were issued on certain mountains and fields in the Kinai region, indicating the direction of institutionalization (Nihon Shoki, Emperor Tenmu 5th year = 676, Empress Jito 3rd year = 689). In the ritsuryo system, it appears as an example of an exception to "the profits of mountains, rivers, bushes, and streams, both public and private" (Yoro Miscellaneous Laws), and in the official documents of 860 (Jogan 2) and 863, it was stipulated that if the person who violated the prohibition was of fifth rank or higher, a report would be made, and if the person was of sixth rank or lower, a prison sentence would be imposed, and the supervisory responsibility of the kokushi was clearly stated (Ruiju Sandai Kaku Prohibition Law). One of Nukata no Okimi's poems is, 'I go to the crimson-colored Murasaki plains, I go to the Shimono plains, does not the guardian see you waving your sleeves?' (Man'yoshu, 20).

[Katsumi Kikuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代、天皇の遊猟などのために、出入・用役を禁じた原野。標野とも書く。「しめの」の訓は占有慣行の名残(なごり)をとどめる。天武(てんむ)・持統(じとう)朝には畿内(きない)の一定山野について禁令が出されており、制度化の方向を示す（『日本書紀』天武天皇5＝676、持統天皇3＝689）。令制(りょうせい)では「山川藪沢之利(さんせんそうたくのり)、公私共之(これをともにす)」の除外例としてみえ（養老(ようろう)雑令）、860年（貞観2）、863年の官符では、禁を犯した者が五位以上なら奏聞し、六位以下なら禁固の刑罰が規定され、国司の監督責任が明示されている（類聚三代格(るいじゅうさんだいきゃく)禁制）。額田王(ぬかたのおおきみ)の歌に「あかねさす紫野行き標野行き野守は見ずや君が袖(そで)振る」（『万葉集』20）がある。

［菊池克美］

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