Carotid sinus reflex

Japanese: 頸動脈洞反射 - けいどうみゃくどうはんしゃ（英語表記）carotid sinus reflex

A reflex phenomenon in which arterial pressure drops when stimulated by the carotid sinus (the bulging area where the internal carotid artery branches off from the common carotid artery). The carotid sinus is the entrance that supplies arterial blood to the head, particularly the brain, and its walls contain baroreceptors that sense arterial pressure. In mammals, baroreceptors respond to changes in blood pressure in the range of approximately 60 to 200 mmHg, converting blood pressure information into nerve impulse signals that are sent via the glossopharyngeal nerve to the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata. When the center receives information about low blood pressure, it reflexively increases the activity of the sympathetic nerves that control the heart and blood vessels and inhibits the activity of the cardiac vagus nerve, thereby promoting the cardiac pumping function and constricting the blood vessels (especially the arterioles), thereby restoring low blood pressure to normal (approximately 100 mmHg).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

頸動脈洞(総頸動脈から内頸動脈が分岐し膨隆した部)への刺激によって，動脈圧が下降する反射現象。頸動脈洞は頭部，とくに脳へ動脈血を供給する入口に当たり，この壁には動脈圧を感受する血圧受容器が局在する。哺乳類の血圧受容器はだいたい60～200mmHgの範囲の血圧変化に応答して，血圧情報を神経インパルス信号に変え，舌咽神経を経由して延髄の心･血管運動中枢へ送っている。中枢は低血圧情報を受けると，反射的に心臓と血管を支配する交感神経の活動の増加と心臓迷走神経活動の抑制を通じて，心臓ポンプ機能の促進および血管(とくに細動脈)の収縮によって低血圧を正常値(約100mmHg)へ回復する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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