Far Eastern Republic (English: Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika/Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika) Russian

A democratic republic established in 1920-22, mostly east of Lake Baikal in the former Russian Empire, as a buffer state between the Japanese army and the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic. Its capital was Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude), later Chita. The Red Army continued to advance eastward and reached Irkutsk in early 1920, but the Communist Party halted the advance of the Red Army to avoid clashes with the Japanese army occupying parts of the region east of Lake Baikal, and also adopted a policy of avoiding the establishment of a Soviet government in the Far East. As a result, on April 6, 1920, the establishment of the Far Eastern Republic was proclaimed in the liberated city of Verkhneudinsk, and a People's Revolutionary Army was organized independently. Afterwards, Semenov's army was cleared out of Chita, and a conference of representatives of the governments that had been established in the Far East was held in Chita, where elections for a constitutional assembly were held. As a result, the Communist Party and its sympathizers accounted for three-quarters of the total, and under the leadership of the Communist Party, they maintained close ties with the Soviet government and appealed to international opinion for the withdrawal of Japanese troops. They also held the Dalian Conference (1921) and the Changchun Conference (1922) with Japan. On October 25, 1922, immediately after the withdrawal of the Japanese troops, the People's Revolutionary Army entered Vladivostok, and on November 14, the Far Eastern Republic decided to merge with the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic.

[Kazuo Fujimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1920～22年、旧帝政ロシア領のほぼバイカル湖以東に、日本軍とロシア・ソビエト社会主義共和国間の緩衝国として建設された民主主義共和国。首都はベルフネウジンスク（現ウラン・ウデ）、のちにチタ。東進を続けた赤軍は、20年初めイルクーツクに到達したが、共産党はバイカル湖以東の一部地域を占領する日本軍との衝突を避けるため、赤軍の前進を止め、また極東地域でのソビエト政権の樹立をも避ける方針をとった。このため20年4月6日、解放されたベルフネウジンスクで極東共和国の成立が宣言され、独自に人民革命軍が組織された。その後、セミョーノフ軍をチタから掃討すると、極東地域に成立していた諸政府の代表者会議をチタで開催、憲法制定会議の選挙を行った。その結果、共産党とそのシンパが4分の3を占め、共産党の指導の下にソビエト政府と密接な関係を保ちつつ、日本軍の撤兵を国際世論に訴えた。また、日本とも大連(だいれん)会議（1921）、長春会議（1922）を開いている。人民革命軍は22年10月25日、日本軍の撤兵直後にウラジオストクに入り、11月14日、極東共和国はロシア・ソビエト社会主義共和国への合流を決定した。

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