Shitabanendo (English spelling) Seat earth, seatstone, underclay

Japanese: 下盤粘土 - したばんねんど(英語表記)seat earth, seatstone, underclay
Shitabanendo (English spelling) Seat earth, seatstone, underclay
A generally fine-grained deposit of clay occurring below and underlying coal seams. It has been interpreted as a fossil swamp soil. It is low in alkali, lime, and magnesia and is generally a useful refractory material [Farey: 1811, Read & Watson: 1962]. Synonymous with seat clay.

Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information

Japanese:
一般に細粒の堆積物で,石炭層の下部に産し,底をなしている粘土層.化石湿地(fossil swamp)の土壌と解釈されている.アルカリ,石灰,マグネシアの量が低く,一般に有用な耐火物である[Farey : 1811, Read & Watson : 1962].seat clayと同義.

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