Nine Flows - Kyuryu

A method of categorizing Chinese thinkers. Specifically, the nine schools of thought listed in the Art and Literature section of the Book of Han by Ban Gu are Confucianism, Taoism, Yin Yang, Legalism, Famous, Mohism, Vertical and Horizontal, Miscellaneous, and Farming. The novelist school is added to these, making them the Ten Schools. This follows the classification in Liu Xin's Seven Stories, but before that, Sima Qian's father, Tan, listed six schools of thought - Yin Yang, Confucianism, Mohism, Ming, Fa, and Daoism - and discussed the merits and demerits of each school (Preface to the Grand Historian in the Records of the Grand Historian). In later books, new classifications have been added, but this phenomenon means a change in the content of the words "various thinkers" rather than the establishment of classification standards for the classics of the various thinkers. In addition, Ban Gu expressed the view that the origins of each of the nine schools and ten schools can be traced back to royal officials, but this is difficult to follow.

[Michihiro Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の思想家群の分類法の一つ。具体的には、班固(はんこ)著の『漢書(かんじょ)』芸文志(げいもんし)に掲げる儒家(じゅか)者流、道家(どうか)者流、陰陽家(いんようか)者流、法家者流、名家(めいか)者流、墨家(ぼくか)者流、縦横家(じゅうおうか)者流、雑家者流、農家者流の9学派。これに小説家者流を加えて十家という。これは、劉歆(りゅうきん)著『七略』の分類を踏襲したものだが、それ以前、司馬遷(しばせん)の父、談は、陰陽、儒、墨、名、法、道の六家をあげ、その思想の得失を論じている（『史記』太史公自序）。後代の書目では、新たな分類区別が増加していくが、この現象は、諸子（思想家）の典籍の分類基準の整備というよりは、諸子なることばの内容の変化を意味する。なお、班固は九流十家のおのおのについて、その由来を王官に求める見解を述べているが、従いがたい。

［伊東倫厚］

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