Also called émigrés. A name given to French nobles and clergy who fled to England, Sardinia, the Netherlands, Russia, and the Rhine during the French Revolution, and to clergy who opposed the "Civil Constitutions of Clergy." The first émigrés were seen shortly after the capture of the Bastille, including the Count of Provence (later Louis XVIII) and the Count of Artois (later Charles X). The revolution was harsh on the émigrés, confiscating their property and selling it (1792). The total number of émigrés is estimated at more than 30,000. In 1802, Napoleon I allowed most of the exiled nobles to return to France, and many of them became royalists after the Restoration. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エミグレとも呼ばれる。フランス革命期に,イギリス,サルジニア,オランダ,ロシア,ライン公国地方に亡命したフランスの貴族や聖職者,および「僧侶民事基本法」に反対する聖職者に与えられた名称。最初のエミグレはバスティーユ攻略の直後にみられ,そのなかにはプロバンス伯 (のちのルイ 18世) やアルトア伯 (のちのシャルル 10世) らがいた。革命はエミグレに対してはきびしい態度をとり,彼らの財産を没収して売却処分にした (1792) 。エミグレの数は全部で3万人以上と推定される。 1802年ナポレオン (1世) によって大部分の亡命貴族は帰国を許され,王政復古後は王党派として活動した者も多い。
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