The capital of Avila Province in the Castilla y Leon region in central Spain. Population 49,712 (2001). The city is located on the east bank of the Adaja River, a tributary of the Duero River (Douro River), on the hills north of the Sierra de Guadarrama, at an altitude of 1,131 meters. It is the highest provincial capital. Compared to Salamanca and other cities in the old Castilla Basin, the city has a harsh winter climate, with the lowest temperature ever recorded being -20.4°C (1931-1960). However, summers are more bearable thanks to the clear streams and high altitude. There is a woolen textile industry. During the Roman period, it was called Avela, and was under the control of the Moors from the 8th to 10th centuries, but was recaptured by Christians from 1090, becoming an important base during the Reconquista. It flourished especially in the 16th century, but began to decline after Philip III expelled citizens of Moorish ancestry from 1607 to 1610. The old town, which retains its medieval appearance, has many buildings made of granite and is surrounded by an 11th century wall with 88 towers. There are many historical buildings, including the Church of San Vincent, one of the leading Romanesque buildings in Spain, outside the walls, the Cathedral of San Salvador, and a palace with sculptures from the 13th century to the Renaissance. Many pilgrims also visit the city as the birthplace of Saint Teresa de Jesus, making it a religious center in Spain as well as a tourist destination. The old town and the church outside the walls were registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 (World Heritage Site). [Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペイン中央部、カスティーリャ・イ・レオン地方にあるアビラ県の県都。人口4万9712(2001)。ドゥエロ川(ドーロ川)支流アダハ川の東岸、グアダラマ山脈北側の丘陵上、標高1131メートルに位置する高地の都市。県都としては最高所にある。旧カスティーリャ盆地にあるサラマンカなどと比較して冬の気候は厳しく、過去(1931~1960)最低気温は零下20.4℃である。しかし夏は清流と高度のおかげでしのぎやすい。毛織物工業がある。 ローマ時代はアベラAvelaと称し、8~10世紀にはムーア人の支配を受けたが、1090年からはキリスト教徒が奪回し、国土回復戦争(レコンキスタ)の重要な拠点となった。16世紀にとくに栄えたが、1607~1610年、フェリペ3世がムーア人を祖先とする市民の追放を行って以来、衰退し始めた。中世の姿をとどめる古い市街地には花崗岩(かこうがん)をそのまま用いた建物が多く、88の塔を備えた11世紀の城壁で囲まれている。城壁外にあるスペイン有数のロマネスク建築のサン・ビンセント教会をはじめ、サン・サルバドル大寺院、13世紀からルネサンスに至る彫刻を備えた宮殿など、歴史的建築物が多くみられる。また、聖女テレサ・デ・ヘススの生地として訪れる巡礼者も多く、スペインにおける宗教の中心地であるとともに、観光地ともなっている。旧市街と城壁外の教会は1985年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [田辺 裕・滝沢由美子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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