Uji - Uji (English spelling) Łódź

Japanese: ウージ - うーじ(英語表記)Łódź
Uji - Uji (English spelling) Łódź

Poland's second largest city, located 120 km southwest of the capital Warsaw in central Poland. It is the capital of the Uz Voivodeship. It is located on the border between the lowlands of the Vistula River and the central plateau. It has a population of 785,090 (2002). It is also called Ruz or Lodz, but Uz is closer to the original pronunciation. Poland's largest textile industrial area, and also has electrical machinery, printing, chemicals, food, medical and textile machinery industries, making it one of the leading industrial cities. It is a transportation hub located almost in the center of Poland, and has the country's largest freight station. It was part of Russia until World War I, but became part of Poland during the war. Germany occupied it in 1939 and promoted Germanization policies, but it was liberated by the Soviet army in January 1945. It was only a small village until the 19th century (population 339 in 1827), so it has a relatively new history among major cities. In the 19th century, Poland developed rapidly after weavers were invited from Germany, and the population increased from 50,000 in 1870, to 250,000 in 1897, 450,000 in 1921, and 670,000 in 1939, growing into a major textile industrial city. The textile industry spread from the city to the surrounding cities (Pabianice, Zgierz, Ozorków, etc.), and about 40% of the nation's textile industry workers are concentrated in this region. In addition to industry, Poland is also an important center of education, culture, and administration, with a comprehensive university, as well as individual universities and research institutes in industry, medicine, and economics, with more than 80,000 students studying there. Poland has a high level of urban functionality, with an international trade fair held every year, a thriving industry that attracts both domestic and international companies, and film productions taking place there.

[Shigeru Yamamoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ポーランド中央部、首都ワルシャワの南西120キロメートルに位置する同国第二の都市。ウージ県の県都。ビスワ川の低地と中央台地との境に発達している。人口78万5090(2002)。ルージとかロッズなどともよばれるが、ウージのほうが原音に近い。ポーランド最大の繊維工業地帯で、ほかに電気機械、印刷、化学、食品、医療・繊維機械工業が集積し、有数の工業都市である。ポーランドのほぼ中央に位置する交通の要衝で、国内最大の貨物駅がある。第一次世界大戦前までロシア領であったが、大戦時にポーランド領となった。1939年ドイツが占領してドイツ化政策を進めたが、45年1月ソ連軍により解放された。19世紀まで小さな村落にすぎず(1827年の人口は339人)、大都市のなかでは歴史が新しい。19世紀にドイツから織工を招じて急速に発達し、人口は1870年5万人、1897年25万人、1921年45万人、1939年67万人と増加し、大繊維工業都市へと成長した。繊維工業は市内から周辺都市(パビアニツェ、ズギエシ、オゾルクフなど)へ拡大し、全国の繊維工業労働者の約40%がこの地方に集中している。また、工業とともに教育、文化、行政上の重要な中心地で、総合大学のほか、工業、医学、経済の単科大学や研究機関があり、8万人以上の学生が学ぶ。毎年国際見本市が開かれ、国内外の企業の誘致も盛んで、映画製作も行われるなど、高い都市機能をもっている。

[山本 茂]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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