A labor union or staff organization that seeks to improve the economic and social status of teachers and their working conditions. After World War I, a teacher union movement to protect teachers' lives and freedom of education arose internationally, and in Japan, the first teachers union, Keimei-kai, was founded in 1920. In the wake of the rise of ideological movements such as democracy after World War II, the Japan Teachers' Union (Nikkyoso) was formed in 1947. Other unions include the Japan High School Teachers' Union (Hidakakyo) and the All Japan Teachers' Union, and in 1989, members of Nikkyoso who left the union founded the All Japan Teachers' Union (Zenkyo). International organizations include the World Federation of Teachers' Unions (FISE), which was formed in 1946, and Education International (EI), which was established in 1993 by merging the International Federation of Free Teachers' Unions (IFFTU) and the World Confederation of Teachers' Organizations (WCOTP). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
教職員の経済的・社会的地位の向上,勤務条件の改善などをはかる労働組合もしくは職員団体。第1次世界大戦後,教員の生活と教育の自由を守るための教員組合運動が国際的に起こり,日本でも初の教職員組合として 1920年に啓明会が創設された。第2次世界大戦後の民主主義をはじめとする思想運動の高揚を背景に,1947年日本教職員組合(日教組)が結成された。ほかに日本高等学校教職員組合(日高教),全日本教職員連盟などがあり,1989年には日教組からの脱退者が全日本教職員組合(全教)を発足させた。国際組織としては,1946年に結成された世界教員組合連盟 FISE,1993年に国際自由教員組合連盟 IFFTUと世界教員団体総連合会 WCOTPが統合して設立された教育インターナショナル EIなどがある。
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