Yuanmingyuan

Japanese: 円明園 - えんめいえん

A villa and garden of the Qing dynasty located in the northwest of Beijing, China. The collective name for the three gardens, Yuanming, Changchun, and Wanchun, covers an area of approximately 3.5 square kilometers. The gardens began as a gift to Emperor Yongzheng in 1709 (48th year of the Kangxi era) by Emperor Kangxi, and from 1725 (3rd year of the Yongzheng era), the buildings were added and the gardens were expanded. Emperor Qianlong also continued to expand the gardens, adding Changchun Garden to the east of Yuanming Garden in 1751 (16th year of the Qianlong era) and Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden) to the southeast in 1772. The gardens were repaired during the Jiaqing era (1796-1820) using the finest fittings from Yangzhou. Lakes and ponds take up the majority of the gardens, and the waterscape garden imitates the scenery of the Jiangnan region, with palaces and shrines dotted throughout. A large Rococo style Western palace was built to the north of Changchun Garden by European missionaries such as Castiglione, Benoit, and Attile, but it was completely destroyed, plundered, and left in ruins by the British and French allied forces during the Arrow War (Second Opium War) in 1856. The Chinese government has preserved it as a historical site in its ruins. →Summer Palace→Related article Wanshou Mountain

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国北京市北西にあった清朝の離宮，庭園。円明・長春・万春３園の総称。面積は約3.5平方キロm。康熙帝が1709年(康熙48)に雍正帝に下賜した庭園に始まり，25年(雍正３)以降，建築群が増築され，庭園も拡張された。乾隆帝も庭園の増築をつづけ，51年(乾隆16)円明園の東に接して長春園，72年南東に接して綺春園(のち万春園と改称)がそれぞれ加えられた。嘉慶年間(1796‐1820)の修理では揚州の最高級建具が用いられた。園内は湖池が大半を占め，江南地方の風景を模した水景庭園で，宮殿や祠妓が点々と配された。長春園北側にはカスティリオーネ，ブノア，アッティレら西欧宣教師によって，ロココ様式の大規模な西洋宮殿が建てられたが，1856年のアロー戦争（第二次アヘン戦争）で英仏連合軍によって徹底的に破壊略奪され，廃虚となった。中国政府は廃墟のまま歴史的遺跡として保存している。→頤和園
→関連項目万寿山

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