British mathematician. Born in London, he studied at King's College, Cambridge. In 1936, he invented a thinking calculating machine as a mathematical formulation of computable functions. This machine is named after him as the "Turing machine" and is: (1) It has an infinitely large piece of paper, (2) It uses a finite number of symbols, (3) It reads a finite number of things at each instant, (4) It has a finite number of memory states and is in one of these states at each instant, (5) Depending on what it is currently looking at and what its current state is, it determines what to erase next, what to add next, where to move its eyes, and what the next state will be. A function is computable if it is possible to build a Turing machine that computes it, and functions computable by this machine are the same as inductive functions. [Toshio Nishimura] The Turing Award was established in 1966 to recognize outstanding achievements in the fields of computer science and information technology. [Editorial Department] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの数学者。ロンドンに生まれ、ケンブリッジ大学キングズ・カレッジに学ぶ。1936年、計算可能関数の数学的定式化として思考上の計算機械を創案した。これは次のようなもので、彼の名をとって「チューリング機械」とよばれている。(1)限りなく大きな紙をもっている、(2)有限個の記号を用いる、(3)おのおのの瞬間に有限個のものを読み取る、(4)記憶の状態が有限個あり、各瞬間にどれか一つの状態にある、(5)現在みているものが何であり、状態が何であるかによって、次に何を消し、何を書き加え、どこに目を移すか、さらに次の状態が何であるかが決まる。 関数が計算可能とは、その関数を計算するチューリング機械をつくることができることであり、この機械によって計算可能な関数は帰納的な関数と同じである。 [西村敏男] 1966年、計算機科学・情報技術分野において優れた功績を残した人に贈られるチューリング賞が創設された。 [編集部] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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