This refers to the simultaneous polymerization of two or more types of monomers, and the resulting polymer, which contains a certain ratio of the constituent monomer units, is called a copolymer. Copolymerization is a competitive polymerization reaction between two monomers, M and N, which have different reactivities, and the composition of the copolymer and the sequence of the monomer units are also determined during the reaction. In , copolymers like (1) are those where the reactivity of M is greater than N, and (2) is the opposite. (3) is an alternating copolymer that is formed in special cases. (4) is called a block copolymer, and (5) is a graft copolymer. These two are made by first making a linear polymer from one type of monomer and then grafting it.Copolymerization reactions are often used to modify the physical properties of polymers: for example, copolymers of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate used in interior spray paints have improved mechanical properties, gloss, and water resistance compared to polyvinyl acetate alone. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] ©Shogakukan "> Copolymerization (Diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
2種類以上の単量体を同時に重合させることをいい、その結果、構成している単量体の単位が、ある割合で含まれて生成した重合体を共重合体(コポリマー)という。 共重合反応は、反応性の異なる2種類の単量体MとNとの競争重合反応であり、共重合物の組成や単量体単位の配列順序もまた反応中に決まってくる。 で(1)のような共重合体はMの反応性がNより大きい場合であり、(2)はその逆である。(3)は特別な場合に生成する交互共重合体である。(4)はブロック共重合体、(5)はグラフト共重合体とよび、この二つは先に一つの種類の単量体から線状重合体をつくり、それに接ぎ木していく方法でつくられている。 共重合反応は重合物の物性改質によく利用されている。たとえば室内吹付け塗料として用いられる酢酸ビニルとメチルメタクリレートの共重合物は、ポリ酢酸ビニル単独の塗料より機械的性質が改善され、光沢や耐水性も向上している。 [垣内 弘] ©Shogakukan"> 共重合〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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