Iphigeneia - Iphigeneia (English spelling)

Japanese: イフィゲネイア - いふぃげねいあ(英語表記)Īphigeneia
Iphigeneia - Iphigeneia (English spelling)

Daughter of King Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, heroes of Greek mythology. When the Greek fleet for the Trojan expedition gathered at Aulis, Agamemnon angered the goddess Artemis, and the ships were stranded without any wind. So Agamemnon followed the advice of the prophet Calchas and tried to persuade Iphigeneia to sacrifice to the goddess on the pretext of marrying her to Achilles. However, just before she died, the goddess took pity on her daughter and used a doe as a substitute, kidnapped her and took her to Tauris. She became a priestess of Artemis in Tauris and was tasked with sacrificing travelers to the goddess. One day, her brother Orestes landed in Tauris with Pylades, and both were captured and almost sacrificed. When she found out their true identities, she interrupted the sacrifice on the pretext of atoning for their sins, and escaped to Greece with them. She then brought the idol of Artemis to Harae in Attica, where she served as the priestess of the goddess.

Iphigenia died in Megara, where she was deified, and one version says that Artemis made her immortal and identified her with the goddess Hecate. Her story is detailed in two plays by the tragic poet Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis and Iphigenia in Tauris.

[Masahiro Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の英雄アガメムノン王とクリタイムネストラの娘。トロヤ遠征のギリシア艦隊がアウリスに集まったとき、アガメムノンは女神アルテミスを怒らせたので、船は無風のまま立ち往生となった。そこでアガメムノンは預言者カルカスの忠告に従い、イフィゲネイアをアキレウスと結婚させるという口実で説き伏せて、女神への犠牲にしようとした。しかし死の直前に、女神は娘を哀れんで牝鹿(めじか)を身代りにさせ、彼女をさらってタウリスへ連れていった。彼女はタウリスでアルテミスの神官となり、旅人を女神の犠牲にする役目を負った。ある日、弟のオレステスがピラデスとともにタウリスに上陸し、2人とも捕らえられて犠牲にされかけた。2人の素姓を知った彼女は、彼らの罪を清めるという口実で犠牲を中断し、2人とともにギリシアに逃れた。そのとき彼女はアルテミスの神像をアッティカのハライにもたらし、その地で女神の神官として仕えた。

 イフィゲネイアはメガラで世を去り、そこで神格化されたといわれる。また一説では、アルテミスが彼女を不死にし、女神ヘカテと同一化したとも伝えられる。彼女の物語は、悲劇詩人エウリピデスの『アウリスのイフィゲネイア』と『タウリスのイフィゲネイア』の2作に詳しく伝えられている。

[小川正広]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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