When considering phenomena occurring in a finite space or within a finite object, a boundary condition refers to a physical or mathematical condition imposed on the boundary of that space or on the surface of that object. For example, when one end of a rod is fixed and vibrated, a boundary condition is that the displacement at that end is zero. When a phenomenon is described by a differential equation, the solution generally includes arbitrary constants or arbitrary functions, so boundary conditions are necessary to uniquely determine the solution. In physics, conditions imposed at infinity or on geometric and mechanical planes of symmetry are also called boundary conditions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
有限の広がりをもつ空間または有限の物体内で起る現象を考えるとき,その空間の境界または物体の表面で与えられている物理的または数学的な条件をいう。たとえば,棒の一端を固定して振動させるとき,その端の点で変位がゼロであることが境界条件となる。現象が微分方程式で記述されるとき,この解は一般に任意定数または任意関数を含むから,境界条件は解を一意的に定めるために必要である。物理学では,無限遠や幾何学的かつ力学的な対称面で与える条件も境界条件と呼んでいる。
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