Fisheries system - Gyogyoseido

Japanese: 漁業制度 - ぎょぎょうせいど

A legal system that regulates the use of fishing grounds. The current system, based on the Fisheries Law promulgated in 1949, requires that coastal fishing rights be licensed by prefectural governors, and that offshore and deep-sea fishing, with the exception of the governor's permission system that governs the wide variety of common fishing grounds offshore, requires permission from the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for most capitalist types of fishing. The fishing rights system aims not only to increase the productivity of local fishing grounds, but also to maintain order in fishing villages and fishing grounds and to supplement the livelihoods of fishermen, while the permission system is intended to protect marine resources or crack down on fishing, in other words, to ease contradictions and conflicts between various types of fishing, i.e., to regulate fishing. However, with the growth of deep-sea fishing, the latter is gradually strengthening the tendency for the government to give preferential or privileged allocation of fishing grounds and resources to large-scale fishing management entities, i.e., to grant permission. However, in terms of the relationship between the coastal areas and the offshore/deep sea areas, the introduction of a permit system in line with the fishing rights system played a certain role in easing social tensions with coastal fishermen, in that it prevented free entry into the coastal areas.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

漁場利用についての調整を規定する法律制度。現行制度は 1949年公布の漁業法によって，沿岸の漁業権については都道府県知事の免許制が，沖合・遠洋漁業については，地先沖合の多種多様な入会漁場を管理する知事許可制を別にすれば，大部分の資本制的な漁業種類のものは農林水産大臣による許可制がとられている。漁業権制度は地先漁場の生産力増加はもちろんであるが，もっぱら漁村ないし漁場の秩序維持と漁民の生計補充を眼目とするのに対し，許可制度は水産資源の保護または漁業取締り，つまり各種漁業間の矛盾・衝突の緩和＝漁業調整にあるとされる。しかし，後者は，遠洋漁業の成長に伴って次第に大規模漁業経営体への漁場・資源の政府による優先的ないし特権的配分＝許認可への傾向を強めるようになっている。もっとも沿岸と沖合・遠洋との関係においては，漁業権制度と呼応して許可制の導入は沿岸への自由な参入を阻止する意味で，沿岸漁民との社会的緊張を緩和する一定の役割を果した。

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