German mechanical engineer and one of the inventors of the modern automobile. Born in Karlsruhe, in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, near Lorraine in France. His family had been mayors and blacksmiths for generations, and his father was a railway engineer, but died of pneumonia four months before he was born. Raised by his mother, he graduated from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology at the age of 19 with a degree in mathematics and engine design. After moving around and working in various places, he settled in Mannheim, and in 1872, at the age of 28, he married Bertha Benz (1849-1944), who would later become famous for her supportive wife. He manufactured and sold tinplate machines, but at the end of 1878, he completed a two-stroke gasoline engine on his own, and on October 1, 1883, he established the Benz & C. Line Gas Engine Factory and began manufacturing engines. In 1884, Benz produced a four-stroke engine, and on January 26, 1886, a three-wheeled vehicle using it was granted German Imperial Patent No. 37435 for a "Gas Engine-Powered Vehicle". This was the Benz three-wheeled vehicle, which is now considered the first practical gasoline-powered automobile in history, and in 1986, the world celebrated 100 years of the automobile. In 1893, Benz completed the four-wheeled Victoria, and the following year, in 1894, the small four-wheeled Velo, which had an enormous influence on automobile design around the world at the turn of the century. In 1926, Benz merged with its biggest rival, Daimler (which made Mercedes cars), to form Daimler-Benz (which made Mercedes-Benz cars). Benz remained as an executive of the new company after the merger. [Takashima Shizuo] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの機械技術者で、今日の自動車の発明者の一人。ドイツ南西のバーデン・ウュルテンベルク州の、フランスのロレーヌに近いカールスルーエに生まれる。家は代々町長と鍛冶(かじ)屋を兼ね、父は鉄道の機関士だったが彼の生まれる4か月前に肺炎で死去。母に育てられ、19歳でカールスルーエ工科大学を卒業して数学と機関設計の学位を得た。各地を転々として働いたのちマンハイムに定住、28歳の1872年、のちに内助の功で有名になるベルタBertha Benz(1849―1944)夫人と結婚する。ブリキ工作用機械の製造販売などを行うが、1878年の暮れ、独力で2ストローク・ガソリンエンジン(ツーすとろーくがそりんえんじん)を完成、1883年10月1日、ベンツ&C・ライン・ガスエンジン工場を設立、エンジンの製造を開始した。 1884年には4ストローク・エンジン(フォーすとろーくえんじん)を製作、それを用いた三輪車は1886年1月26日「ガスエンジン駆動の乗り物」としてドイツ帝国特許第37435を与えられた。これが今日史上初の実用的なガソリン自動車とされているベンツの三輪車で、1986年に世界が自動車100年を祝う根拠になった。1893年には四輪のビクトリア、翌1894年には小型四輪車のベロを完成、世紀の変わり目にかけての世界中の自動車の設計に絶大な影響を与えた。1926年、ベンツ社は最大のライバルたるダイムラー社(車名メルセデス)と合併、ダイムラー・ベンツ社(車名メルセデス・ベンツ)となる。ベンツは合併後の新会社にも役員としてとどまった。 [高島鎮雄] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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