Declension

Japanese: 曲用 - きょくよう(英語表記)declension
Declension
A system of word transformation in which nouns and similar words fulfill their syntactic function in a sentence relative to other words. Contrasted with conjugation. In most Indo-European languages, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals, and participles have declensions based on gender, number, and case. Sanskrit has three genders, three numbers, and eight cases. In Uralic and Altaic languages, plural and case endings are usually attached to stems regularly. In Japanese, these are expressed as case particles, but case particles qualify as independent words and are not considered to have declensions. However, it is noteworthy that in dialects around the country, including the Ryukyu dialect, case particles are fused with the preceding noun, creating a state that can be considered declension.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
名詞およびそれに準じる単語が,文中において他の単語に対してもつ構文的機能を果すために行う語形替変の体系。活用 conjugationに対する。印欧諸語の大半は,名詞,代名詞,形容詞,数詞,分詞が,性,数,格による曲用をもつ。サンスクリット語には3つの性,3つの数,8つの格から成る曲用がある。ウラル語族やアルタイ諸語では,語幹に複数語尾,格語尾が規則的に接合して行われるのが普通。日本語ではこれらに相当するものは格助詞で表現されるが,格助詞は独立した単語の資格をもつので,曲用があるとはみなさない。ただし,琉球方言をはじめ,各地の方言で格助詞が前の名詞と融合し,曲用といえる状態になっていることが注目される。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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