Jerusalem artichoke - Jerusalem artichoke

Japanese: キクイモ - きくいも
Jerusalem artichoke - Jerusalem artichoke

A perennial plant of the Asteraceae family (APG classification: Asteraceae). Native to North America, it was introduced to Japan at the end of the Edo period. The stem is 2.5-3 meters tall and 3 centimeters thick. The leaves are elliptical, pointed, 20-30 centimeters long, and the leaves at the bottom of the stem are opposite each other, while those at the top are alternate. The stem and leaves have coarse hairs on the surface. In autumn, the upper part of the stem branches well and produces numerous flower heads. The flowers are 4-8 centimeters in diameter, and yellowish brown tubular flowers are clustered in the center, surrounded by yellow ray flowers. Numerous tubers similar to ginger are produced underground, which are edible. The entire plant is also used as livestock feed. During and after World War II, it attracted attention as a famine crop, but is now rarely cultivated and has become wild in wastelands.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika February 18, 2022]

Food

The edible part of the tuber is 80% water, 15% carbohydrates, more than half of which is indigestible inulin, the rest being glucose and sucrose. It can be boiled or eaten raw in salads, but it has a distinctive odor and a poor flavor, so it is not generally popular. It can also be pickled in vinegar, miso, or lees. Inulin is easier to convert to acid saccharification than other starches, so it is also used in candy, as a raw material for alcohol, and as a raw material for acetone-butanol fermentation.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika February 18, 2022]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

キク科(APG分類:キク科)の多年草。北アメリカ原産で、日本には江戸時代末に渡来した。茎は高さ2.5~3メートル、太さ3センチメートル。葉は楕円(だえん)形、先はとがり、長さ20~30センチメートル、茎下部の葉は対生し、上部では互生する。茎や葉の表面に粗い毛がある。秋、茎の上部がよく分枝して多数の頭状花をつける。花は径4~8センチメートル、中央に黄褐色の管状花が集まり、黄色の舌状花がそれを囲む。地下に、ショウガに似た形の塊茎が多数でき、これを食用とする。また、植物全体を家畜の飼料にする。第二次世界大戦中および戦後、救荒作物として注目されたが、現在ではほとんど栽培されず、荒れ地などに野生化している。

[星川清親 2022年2月18日]

食品

塊茎の可食部の8割は水分で、糖質は15%、その半分以上は難消化性のイヌリンで、ほかはブドウ糖とショ糖である。煮たり、サラダとしてなまのまま食べるが、特有の臭気があって風味は劣り、一般には好まれない。酢漬け、みそ漬け、粕(かす)漬けなどにする。イヌリンはほかのデンプンより酸糖化が容易なので、飴(あめ)、アルコールの原料、アセトンブタノール発酵の原料にもされる。

[星川清親 2022年2月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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