House of Bourbon - Bourbonke (English spelling) Bourbons

Japanese: ブルボン家 - ブルボンけ(英語表記)Bourbons
House of Bourbon - Bourbonke (English spelling) Bourbons
The royal family that ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and 1814 to 1848, and Spain from 1700 to 1808, 1814 to 1868, and 1774 to 1931. The family had the greatest suzerainty in Europe, and its name comes from the Château de Bourbon-l'Archambord and its first estate, Bourbonnais. It began with Adhemar in the early 11th century, and in 1272, a female heir married the Count of Clermont, son of Louis IX (the Saint), a Capetian king of France, and her son Louis founded the first Duke of Bourbon in 1327. In 1527, the main family died out due to lack of an heir, but a branch family, Jeanne Tarbret, niece of Francis I, inherited the line, and her son Henry became King of Navarre (Navarre), and in 1589, founded the Bourbon dynasty as Henry IV (reigned 1589-1610). After that, Louis XIII (reigned 10-43), Louis XIV (reigned 43-1715), Louis XV (reigned 15-74), and Louis XVI (reigned 74-93) succeeded him, realizing the absolute monarchy of France. The dynasty came to an end when Louis XVI was executed (93) due to the French Revolution. With the restoration of the monarchy, Louis XVI's two younger brothers, Louis XVIII (reigned 1814-24) and Charles X (reigned 24-30), ascended to the throne, but the July Revolution brought him to be replaced by Louis Philippe of Orléans (duke) (reigned 30-48). In Spain, the dynasty began with Philip V, Duke of Anjou (reigned 1700-1746), grandson of Louis XIV, and continued through Ferdinand VI (reigned 1746-1759), Charles III (reigned 1759-1888), Charles IV (reigned 1888-1808), Ferdinand VII (reigned 1908, 14-1933), Isabella II (reigned 1933-1968), Alfonso XII (reigned 1974-1985), and until the abdication of Alfonso XIII (reigned 1986-1931) in 1931.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1589~1792,1814~48年フランスを,1700~1808,14~68,74~1931年スペインを統治した王家。ヨーロッパ最大の宗主権をもっていた家系で,名称はブルボン・ラルシャンボール城とその最初の所領ブルボネに由来する。 11世紀初頭にアデマールに始り,1272年に女性相続人がカペー家のフランス王ルイ9世 (聖王) の子クレルモン伯と結婚し,その子ルイが 1327年に初代ブルボン公家を創設。 1527年本家に後継者がいないため断絶したが,分家でフランソア1世の姪ジャンヌ・タルブレが相続し,その子アンリがナバール (ナバラ) 王となり,89年アンリ4世 (在位 1589~1610) としてブルボン朝を開いた。以後ルイ 13世 (在位 10~43) ,ルイ 14世 (在位 43~1715) ,ルイ 15世 (在位 15~74) ,ルイ 16世 (在位 74~93) と続きフランス絶対王政を実現した。フランス革命によりルイ 16世が処刑 (93) され王朝は中断。王政復古によりルイ 16世の2人の弟ルイ 18世 (在位 1814~24) とシャルル 10世 (在位 24~30) が即位したが,七月革命により,代ってオルレアン (公家) のルイ・フィリップ (在位 30~48) が即位した。またスペインではルイ 14世の孫アンジュー公 (フェリペ5世〈在位 1700~46〉) を始祖とし,フェルナンド6世 (在位 46~59) ,カルロス3世 (在位 59~88) ,カルロス4世 (在位 88~1808) ,フェルナンド7世 (在位 08,14~33) ,イサベル2世 (在位 33~68) ,アルフォンソ 12世 (在位 74~85) のあと,1931年にアルフォンソ 13世 (在位 86~1931) が退位するまで続いた。

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