Abel, Niels Henrik

Japanese: アーベル(英語表記)Abel, Niels Henrik
Abel, Niels Henrik
Born: August 5, 1802, Finui Island
[Died] April 6, 1829. Floland. Norwegian mathematician. One of the pioneers of modern mathematics, he achieved many great research results despite struggling with poverty and poor health. He studied at Christiania University from 1821 to 1823, and in 1823 proved that algebraic equations of degree 5 or higher cannot generally be solved algebraically (→Algebraic solution). From 1825, he continued his research while traveling around Europe, and in 1826, he published the theory of integration of algebraic functions, which became the theoretical basis of Abelian integrals and Abelian functions. However, his work was not properly evaluated, and he returned to Japan in 1827 due to debt and illness. While earning a living as a private tutor, he devoted himself to research on the theory of equations and elliptic functions, and in 1828 he discovered the so-called Abelian equation (an equation in which the Galois group of an algebraic equation is an Abelian group). His achievements were not recognized during his lifetime, but he received the Grand Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1830 after his death. In 2002, the Abel Prize was established as an international award named after Abel to recognize outstanding scientific achievements in the field of mathematics. (→ Abel's Theorem)

Abel
Abel, Othenio

Born: June 20, 1875 in Vienna
[Died] July 4, 1946. Pickler am Mondsee Austrian paleontologist. His father was a lecturer at the Agricultural University of Vienna. He studied law at the University of Vienna, but was deeply interested in natural sciences and became an assistant in the geology department at the same university (1898). He was a member of the Geological Institute of Vienna (1900-07), a professor at the University of Vienna (12), and head of the paleontology department (17). In 1935, he became a professor at the University of Göttingen, where he trained many students and contributed to the establishment of paleontology. His works include "Paleontology of Vertebrates" (12). He also pioneered a research method for reconstructing the ecology of fossil animals using fossils such as footprints, nests, and excrement.

Abel
Abel, Karl Friedrich

Born: December 22, 1723, Cöthen
[Died] June 20, 1787, London German viola da gamba player and composer. Son of Christian Ferdinand, the virtuoso viola for whom Bach wrote the gamba sonata. He served at the Dresden court from 1746 to 1758, and then moved to the British royal family in 1759. Together with Bach's youngest son, Christian Bach, he organized the famous London subscription concerts, the Bach-Abel Concertos. His compositions include numerous symphonies, concertos, and gamba sonatas in the style of the Mannheim school.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1802.8.5. フィヌイ島
[没]1829.4.6. フロランド
ノルウェーの数学者。近代数学の先駆者の一人で,貧困や病弱と闘いながら多大な研究成果を残した。1821~23年クリスチャニア大学で学び,1823年,5次以上の代数方程式は一般に代数的には解けないことを証明した(→代数的解法)。1825年からヨーロッパ各地を旅行しながら数学の研究を続け,1826年,アーベル積分,アーベル関数の理論的基礎となった代数関数の積分理論などを発表。しかし正しく評価されず,借金と病気のため 1827年帰国。家庭教師などで生計を立てながら,方程式論,楕円関数論の研究に没頭し,1828年いわゆるアーベルの方程式(代数方程式のガロア群がアーベル群であるような方程式)を発見した。存命中には業績は認められなかったが,死後の 1830年,フランス科学アカデミー大賞を受けた。また 2002年,数学の分野で傑出した科学的業績に対して贈られる国際的な賞としてアーベルの名を冠したアーベル賞が創設された。(→アーベルの定理)

アーベル
Abel, Othenio

[生]1875.6.20. ウィーン
[没]1946.7.4. ピクルアムモントゼー
オーストリアの古生物学者。父はウィーン農科大学講師。ウィーン大学で法律を学んだが,自然科学への関心が深く,同大学地質学部の助手となる (1898) 。ウィーン国立地質学研究所所員 (1900~07) ,ウィーン大学教授 (12) ,古生物学部長 (17) 。 1935年よりゲッティンゲン大学教授となって数多くの弟子を育て,古生物学の確立に貢献した。『脊椎動物の古生物学』 (12) などの著書がある。また,化石動物の足跡,巣,排泄物などの化石を手掛りにして,その動物の生態を復元する研究方法を開拓した。

アーベル
Abel, Karl Friedrich

[生]1723.12.22. ケーテン
[没]1787.6.20. ロンドン
ドイツのビオラ・ダ・ガンバ奏者,作曲家。バッハがガンバ・ソナタを書き与えた名手クリスチアン・フェルディナントの息子。 1746~58年ドレスデン宮廷に仕えたのち,59年イギリス王室に移り,バッハの末子クリスチアン・バッハとともにロンドンの有名な予約音楽会「バッハ・アーベル演奏会」を主宰。作品には,マンハイム楽派の様式にならった多数の交響曲,協奏曲,ガンバ・ソナタなどがある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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