Gigaku mask - Gigakumen

Japanese: 伎楽面 - ぎがくめん

Masks for gigaku music. It is said to have been made by Mimashi of Baekje in the 20th year of the reign of Empress Suiko (612). Among the masks that remain are the Hikimen masks handed down to Horyu-ji Temple (Tokyo National Museum, Horyu-ji Treasure House), 164 masks from Shoso-in Repository that were used at the ceremony to open the eyes of the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple (752), and 33 masks from Todai-ji Temple, and are said to be the oldest masks in the world. The mask makers known for these masks include Shori no Uonari, whose posthumous works bear his inscription, as well as Motonari, Enkin, Suteme, and Zaifuku. These masks are larger than Bugaku masks and Noh masks, and cover the back of the head. Records indicate that there were about 1,000 kinds of gigaku masks, and some depict different expressions such as Jido, Gojo, and Brahman, as well as birds and lions. The materials used include dry lacquer, but the main materials are camphor, cypress, and kiri. They are painted red, vermilion, and verdigris, and some have hair, eyebrows, and beards implanted.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

伎楽用の仮面。推古 20 (612) 年，百済の味摩之 (みまし) が将来したといわれる。法隆寺に伝えられた引面 (東京国立博物館，法隆寺宝物館) ，東大寺大仏開眼会 (752) に用いられたという正倉院の 164面，東大寺の 33面などが現存し，世界最古の仮面といわれる。これらの面作者として，遺作に在銘の将李魚成 (しょうりのうおなり) ，基永師，延均師，捨目師，財福師が知られる。舞楽面や能面より大型で後頭部をおおうようになっている。伎楽面は諸記録により約 1000種あったことが知られ，治道，呉女，婆羅門など異なった表情を写し，鳥や獅子などを表わすものもある。材料は乾漆もあるが，くすのき，ひのき，きりが主。丹，朱，緑青を塗り，髪や眉，ひげを植毛したものもある。

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